Themes of Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure Revealed in Angelo’s Solilo

Themes of Shakespeares Measure for Measure Revealed in Angelos Soliloquies Angelos soliloquies (2.2.161-186 2.4.1-30) express themes of the tragicomic form, leniency and nature, development of self-knowledge, justice and mercy, and creation and death as aspects of Angelos character.By the theme of the tragicomic form I mean that which qualified extremes and promoted a equilibrate condition of mind It employed a mixed style, mixed action, and mixed characterspassing from side to side, it works amongst contraries, sweetly tempering their composition. (Guarinis Compendio della Poesia Tragicomica (1601) cited in Lever lxi-lxii). I take Measure for Measures tragicomic form as its major theme, or perhaps meta-theme, because it reinforces the value of the via media, of moderation everywhere zealotry. Angelo swings from one extreme to the other before, by the plays conclusion, prompted by the orchestrations of the duke, he adopts a middle way. In Angelos first two soliloquies we overhea r him transition from believing himself immune to earthly love (2.3.185-186) to believing he is ruled by his blood (2.4.15).This transition suggests a theme of development of self-knowledge. In the first soliloquy Angelo refers to himself as a saint (2.2.179) and speaks of physical love in a condemning tone (2.2.173). In the second soliloquy Angelo has change his self-image (2.4.16) to be consistent with his experience, and he describes his experience of love without spending equal time condemning it. He realizes he took sinful pride in his sharpness (2.4.9-10), and now compares that quality with an idle plume in a capan aspect of appearance, not being. Development of self-knowledge does not show up clearly in other characters however... ...ing between them, was virtue. This signified a beneficent use of natural function which merited the gift of grace as a concomitant correspondingly, it implied a going forth of grace which might comprehend the conscientious payment of natures d ebt. Throughout the main action, however, the properties of grace and nature are dissociated and juxtaposed. hard restraint and immoderate use, the distorted attitudes of convent and brothel, of precisian and libertine, are presented as jarring disparates inducing a process of psychic disruption. In the absence of virtue as a moderator, sexual function turns into the abuse of lechery At the spiritual level, excessive zeal is corrupted to pride Most alarming of all, there are the abrupt slips from level to level, landslides of the soul which transform zealot into lecher and saint into sadist. (lxxii-lxxiii)

Contact---fiction Story :: essays research papers

In 2001the work began on the biggest dam project in level of the human kind. The place chosen was the Great Canyon in Colorado. After six months of heavy digging, workers had found something strange.John, who was one of the scientists that come to this site, was especially interested in this subject. He in his long black trench coat looked like Germans during World War II. He looked even more familiar to SS man when he took off his hat and sunglasses and showed his blonde hair and blue eyes.His team was already ready to go to the &8220zero zone. Their assistant was Michael. He was main asserter of the construction. He showed them the place where they found this &8220thing. -So what is it? - Asked John-I don&8217t know, besides that&8217s why you&8217re here to find out.-Right.Soon they were on the place. at that place was this big hole blown by the explosives. The purpose was to make fundaments for dam so that it would not leak the water. The cave was reddish in color as the res t of the landscape. The thing that you couldn&8217t miss was that after a couple of(prenominal) feet from the entrance it was not a cave anymore.-So this is the place &8211said John-Yeah, look at this polished walls.-Aha and I&8217m sure it was not done by water.-Yeah that&8217s for sure-said Mike with a little excitement in his voice, and added-I worked on equal projects many times and I saw many kinds of caves with really weird shapes, but never like this one.-It&8217s, it&8217s just that it is so symmetric-added JohnThe cave was very large and they had to bring flashlights because they couldn&8217t see a thing. In the middle of &8220the room John found big purpose that looked kind of similar to artifacts from Egypt. The object was square in base and as it went up it changed to a triangle and looked similar to pyramid. There were some strange signs that John has never seen before. Later he gave idea that these signs are kind of clue to what this object does or it is. As he was looking for any sign that was similar to him he found few which interested him most. First sign looked like bird at first but after further analysis it looked more like jet plane. The separate sign at first looked like ghost or god but later it looked like astronaut in his costume.

Modest Proposal Essay -- essays papers

Modest ProposalAnimals or Students? It brings great obstacles to those who walk down the halls of Silverado High School daytime in and day out to be by bombarded by thirty-six hundred plus students. This prompts trying to go to the bathroom between classes beyond implausible, for its intense enough to just make it to class on time as it is without trying to make a pit stop at the bathroom. Students imbibe been reduced to plowing and shoving their way through people in order to possibly make it to class and be in their seat before the later(a) bell rings. I think all parents and more important, students involved will agree that this gargantuan number of students trying to push through one other to make it to the restroom or simply to be on time for class is leaving all entangled in a present landed estate of rage and irritation over this subsequent grievance to their already stressful existence. Therefore, we, the students and parents, need to find an economical, practical so lution to allow students to walk the hallways with ease. Having contributed multiple geezerhood pondering this very subject, and after careful consideration of the suggestions of my colleagues, I continually discovered them to be dreadfully mistaken in their computations. With that in mind, heres my plan of action, I propose to herd students just like the cattle they are, with hall monitors being awarded the job of herding students up and down stairs and preventing the slowing or stopping, for that matte...

Comparing Daisy Miller and The Beast in the Jungle by Henry James Essay

Henry James Daisy Miller and The Beast in the Jungle are outset and foremost powerful tragedies because they employ suchuniversal themes as crushed ambitions and wasted lives. And theappeal of each does not lie solely in the darken plot and atmosphere,but in those smallest details James gives us. Omit Daisys strange littlelaughs, delete subsidiarys flinging himself, face down, on Maystomb, and what are we left with? Daisy Miller would be a merecharacter study against the backdrop of clashing American and Euro-pean cultures and The Beast in the Jungle, a very detailed inner journalof a completely self-absorbed man who deservingly meets his fate inthe end. It is only when we consider the unfulfilled social ambitions ofDaisy Miller and the hopeless, empty life of John Marcher as tragediesthat we begin to feel for these two works and discover the unmistakabledepths that make them so touchingly, and sometimes disturbingly,profound. Their tragic conclusions are about the only liaison t hesestories share, though there is a stark difference in the commission Henry Jamesapproached his narrative and characterization technique to convey most amply the underlying tragedies. And yet, despite such differences, whichdraw mainly from the use of opposing tones of voice in the two stories,the bleakness of the stories of Daisy and Marcher is unmistakable. Edith Wharton proposes an interesting theory as to what makes atragedy, and it has very much to do with our reading experience. Whatwe know about the events slowly unfolding before us, or what theauthor allows us to know, heavily influences the way we feel about thestory and its characters, ... ...knowing that comesfrom reading is sometimes also granted to the characters we are readingabout. Despite the differences in narrative techniques, the two storiesdo cope with here. It is sad to leave these stories knowing that part ofthe blame for the fates of the two main characters must actually be puton themselves, but even sadd er to intoxicate that they are not allowed toremain ignorant forever, to know that they, too, finally realize how theyhave become their own worst enemies. And herein lies the essence oftheir tragedies this illumination (54), this offense of waking (673). Works CitedJames, Henry. The Beast in the Jungle. The Story and Its Writer An Introduction to Short Fiction. Ed. Ann Charters. Boston Bedford Books, 1995.______. Daisy Miller. New York Dover Publications Inc., 1995.

Aussie (dog) :: essays research papers fc

The Australian Shepherd started out as a works dog. instantly for the most part it still is, but they have entered a different type of work besides herding. The versatility of the Aussie is remarkable. Todays Aussie is an active and intelligent companion who requires stimulation and activity. on that point are very few breeds of dogs capable of performing as many different jobs as the Australian Shepherd. The breeds easy trainability, intelligence, common sense and problem solvent abilities, combined with a medium sized build, easy to care for coat, strong will to work and incredible loyalty make for a great working and playing companion.Australian Shepherd, also known as Spanish Shepherd, New Mexican Shepherd, or California Shepherd, breed of herding dog developed in the united States (Encarta). Its ancestors probably were Australian dogs bred for herding livestock (Braund 106). Sheepherders who emigrated from the Basque region of Spain to the United States had these dogs shippe d to California when the United States imported sheep from Australia in the 19th century (Palika 23). The history of the west during the late 1800s make full with tall tales, and the Australian Shepherds history during this time period is no exception. Leaving the romance of the Wild West aside, most of the people who moved westward in the 1800s had modest dreams of starting a new animation, buying land where they could raise a family (Palika 19). Even though the history of this time is derived from diaries and a few face-to-face photographs showing a dog resembling the Australian Shepherd (Palika 19). A loyal, protective, trainable herding dog was needed in the Wild West, and the Australian Shepherd fit right in.Jay Sisler, a talented dog trainer from Idaho, had Aussies before the breed was well known as the Australian Shepherd (Sisler 3). He acquired Keno, his first "blue dog," as he called them, in 1939 (Palika 34). Sisler spent twenty years traveling with his "blu e dogs," giving shows at rodeos and amazing people with the tricks that his wonderfully trained dogs could do (Sisler 4). Sislers dogs gained popularity in the fifties and 1960s. They would stand in their heads, balance on bars, jump rope, climb ladders and much more (Palika 34). Their acts greatly increased interest in the breed. Sislers Shorty (1948-1959) sired many of the breeds most principal(prenominal) foundation stock (Sisler Append. B). He was a good-looking blue merle. He was the star of Sislers act for many years and a Walt Disney movie, Cowdog, was based on his life and talents (Palika 35).

Aussie (dog) :: essays research papers fc

The Australian Shepherd started out as a working dog. Today for the most part it still is, notwithstanding they have entered a different type of work besides herding. The versatility of the Aussie is remarkable. Todays Aussie is an active and intelligent companion who requires stimulation and activity. There are very few breeds of dogs confident of performing as many different jobs as the Australian Shepherd. The breeds easy trainability, intelligence, common sense and problem solving abilities, combined with a medium coat build, easy to care for coat, strong will to work and incredible loyalty make for a great working and playing companion.Australian Shepherd, also cognise as Spanish Shepherd, New Mexican Shepherd, or California Shepherd, breed of herding dog developed in the United States (Encarta). Its ancestors probably were Australian dogs bred for herding livestock (Braund 106). Sheepherders who emigrated from the Basque neighborhood of Spain to the United States had these dogs shipped to California when the United States imported sheep from Australia in the 19th century (Palika 23). The history of the west during the late 1800s filled with tall tales, and the Australian Shepherds history during this quantify period is no exception. Leaving the romance of the Wild West aside, most of the people who moved westward in the 1800s had modest dreams of starting a sunrise(prenominal) life, buying land where they could raise a family (Palika 19). Even though the history of this time is derived from diaries and a few personal photographs showing a dog resembling the Australian Shepherd (Palika 19). A loyal, protective, trainable herding dog was needed in the Wild West, and the Australian Shepherd fit right in.Jay Sisler, a talented dog trainer from Idaho, had Aussies beforehand the breed was well known as the Australian Shepherd (Sisler 3). He acquired Keno, his first "blue dog," as he called them, in 1939 (Palika 34). Sisler spent twenty days tra veling with his "blue dogs," giving shows at rodeos and amazing people with the tricks that his wonderfully trained dogs could do (Sisler 4). Sislers dogs gained popularity in the 1950s and 1960s. They would stand in their heads, balance on bars, jump rope, climb ladders and much more (Palika 34). Their acts greatly increased interest in the breed. Sislers Shorty (1948-1959) sired many of the breeds most important foundation stock (Sisler Append. B). He was a good-looking blue merle. He was the star of Sislers act for many years and a Walt Disney movie, Cowdog, was based on his life and talents (Palika 35).

Some Factors That Lead to Success in College

Several factors contribute to school success. A persons experience with culture early in life has a bulky influence on school success later on. It is vital that infants and toddlers have access to quality program line from day i. The socioeconomic status in which one is raised has an immense effect on school success. Wealthier children have access to greater, high-quality facilities and resources while poorer children often lack the basic necessities such as proper aliment and quality education. It is important to note that each child also contributes their own contributions to their success in school.There are cases of people who rose out of radical poverty to achieve great academic success. Exceptional Teachers Exceptional teachers provide scholarly persons with maximum encouragement, motivation, challenges and belief in themselves. Teachers who believe their students are capable of the classwork help form a self-fulfilling prophecy. The student leave begin to sustain the same belief of themselves and act on it. It is therefore vital that teachers, parents and caregivers send the right message to students.Students select to know that their teachers, parents and caregivers believe in them and that they are capable of academic success. Exceptional teachers create a classroom culture of high expectations. They do not hold preconceived notions about particular students but believe that all of their students are capable of reaching academic success. Parental Involvement Parental involvement is exceedingly important to a students academic success. Children spend most of their time at scale and the environment a student comes from determines their start of academic success.If a students home is rich in books, that early exposure to literacy will usually mean a student starts reading early. Parents who are actively involved in their childrens education ensure that their children are doing their homework. They also encourage their children to perform well in school and speak to them about the importance of receiving an education. When parents show an interest in their childrens education this in turn sparks an interest in their children to learn. Self-Motivation Intrinsic motivation or self-motivation is another important element leading to school success.Self-motivation assumes that we are all born(p) with the capability to learn and that learning can be an enjoyable process. Students who are self-motivated have disciplined themselves to concentrate on a task for the mere depart of learning and mastering the needed skill. Students become self-motivated for many reasons. For some being self-motivated to achieve academic success will help them rise out of poverty, for others it will allow them to get into a specific college or receive an academic scholarship.Students who have a high self-esteem have a strong backbone of self-motivation as they believe they are capable of academic success. Nutrition Students who eat breakfast regul arly perform better academically than those who do not. Poor victual can have consequences such as cavities, obesity, weak bones and teeth, as well as delayed sexual maturity. Poor nutrition is defined as not eating the recommended daily servings of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Parents and teachers need to play close attention to the types of foods children eat as lack of vitamins can have severe consequences.Hobbies Self-esteem and kindly skills can be taught simply by encouraging students to take part in a hobby. By encouraging students to take part in a hobby builds competence in a certain skill. A hobby also allows students to build a sense of identity. Hobbies also keep a student from becoming bored. Hobbies also leave room for students to receive praises for their achievements. Read more Factors That Lead to School Success eHow. com http//www. ehow. com/about_5387053_factors-lead-school-success. htmlixzz1Uc85N1gw

Justice System in a Tale of Two Cities Essay

It is no secret that, in a Tale of Two Cities, Dickens constantly critiques the English society. In chapters two and three he focuses on critiquing the estimableice system. By using various language strategies including juxtaposition, and the lack of quotation marks, Dickens comments on the ridiculousness of the court.Dickenss use of juxtaposition is bare when he describes Charles Darnay as a false traitor to our serene, illustrious, excellent, and so forth (Dickens 65). He uses many formal and descriptive adjectives followed by and so forth, which is knowledgeable and vague. The informality of these words reflects the barbarous actions of the crowd. The crowd craves entertainment and information so much that, people paid the see the play at the Old Bailey, just as they paid to see the play in Bedlam (Dickens 63). Dickens demonstrates his animosity for the English judicial system by showing the reader the severity of the people.In chapter three there is a noticeable lack of quota tion marks eventide when the characters are speaking. Had he ever been a spy himself? No, he scored the base insinuation. What did he live upon? His property (Dickens 69) is just one example. This absence reflects how in the English court people arent really heard. The prisoner has nigh no opportunity to defend himself and is always guilty until proven innocent. The people are so positive that the prisoner will be convicted that they will even venture to say Oh theyll find him guilty. Dont you be afraid of that (Dickens 63). It is evident through his writing that Dickens believes that this is not the way to run things. He believes that people should be judged fairly.In using these language devices, Dickens conveys his opinion about the judicial system in England. He assesses the situation and works to incite the reader that the traditions need to be trained.

Poetics by Aristotle Essay

Aristotles most famous contri notwithstandingion to logic is the syllogism, which he discusses primarily in the Prior Analytics. A syllogism is a three-step argument containing three different terms. A simple example is All men be mortal Socrates is a man signifier at that placefore, Socrates is mortal. This three-step argument contains three assertions consisting of the three terms Socrates,man, and mortal. The starting line deuce assertions ar c completelyed laying claims and the last assertion is c in alled the conclusion in a logically effectual syllogism, such as the one rightful(prenominal) presented, the conclusion maintains inescapably from the premises.That is, if you know that twain of the premises ar true, you know that the conclusion essential a exchangeable be true. Aristotle uses the quest foring terminology to label the different parts of the syllogism the premise whose subject features in the conclusion is called theminor premise and the premise who se predicate features in the conclusion is called the major premise. In the example, All men are mortal is the major premise, and since mortal is overly the predicate of the conclusion, it is called the major term.Socrates is called the minor term be birth it is the subject of both the minor premise and the conclusion, and man, which features in both premises but non in the conclusion, is called the middle term. In analyzing the syllogism, Aristotle designates the great distinction surrounded by particulars and universals. Socrates is a particular term, meaning that the word Socrates names a particular person. By contrast, man andmortal are universal terms, meaning that they name general categories or qualities that might be true of many particulars. Socrates is one of billions of particular terms that smooths down the stairs the universal man.Universals mickle be either the subject or the predicate of a sen ecstasyce, whereas particulars scum bag that if be subjects. Ar istotle identifies four kinds of matt sentences that loafer be constructed from sentences that progress to universals for their subjects. When universals are subjects, they essentialiness be preceded by e rattling, some, or no. To return to the example of a syllogism, the first of the three terms was not upright men are mortal, but rather all men are mortal. The contrary of all men are mortal is some men are not mortal, be dejection one and only one of these claims is true they cannot bothbe true or both be false. Similarly, the contrary of no men are mortal is some men are mortal. Aristotle identifies sentences of these four pass watersAll X is Y, Some X is not Y, No X is Y, and Some X is Yas the four categorical sentences and claims that all assertions can be analyzed into categorical sentences. That operator that all assertions we make can be reinterpreted as categorical sentences and so can be fit into syllogisms. If all our assertions can be read as premises or conclu sions to various syllogisms, it follows that the syllogism is the framework of all reasoning. both valid argument must take the socio-economic class of a syllogism, so Aristotles work in analyzing syllogisms provides a reason for analyzing all arguments. Aristotle analyzes all xlviii possible kinds of syllogisms that can be constructed from categorical sentences and shows that fourteen of them are valid. In On Interpretation,Aristotle extends his analysis of the syllogism to examine modal logic, that is, sentences containing the words possibly ornecessarily. He is not as successful in his analysis, but the analysis does bring to light at least one important problem.It would seem that all past events necessarily either happened or did not happen, meaning that in that location are no events in the past that possibly happened and possibly did not happen. By contrast, we tend to ideate of many future events as possible and not necessary. But if someone had made a prediction yesterda y ab away what would happen tomorrow, that prediction, be earn it is in the past, must already be necessarily true or necessarily false, meaning that what volition happen tomorrow is already fixed by necessity and not just possibility.Aristotles answer to this problem is unclear, but he seems to reject the fatalist idea that the future is already fixed, suggesting instead that statements about the future cannot be either true or false. Organon The Structure of Knowledge Summary The Categories, traditionally interpreted as an introduction to Aristotles logical work, divides all of being into ten categories. These ten categories are as follows Substance, which in this context means what something is essentially (e. g. , sympathetic, rock) * Quantity (e. g. , ten feet, five liters) * Quality (e.g. , racy, obvious).* Relation (e. g. , double, to the right of) * Location (e. g. , impudently York, home plate) * Time (e. g. , yesterday, four oclock) * Position (e. g. , sitting, standin g) * Possession (e. g. , wearing shoes, has a blue coat) * Doing (e. g. , running, smiling) * Undergoing (e. g. , being run into, being smiled at) Of the ten, Aristotle considers substance to be ancient, because we can conceive of a substance without, for example, any sendn qualities but we cannot conceive of a quality except as it pertains to a particular substance.One important conclusion from this division into categories is that we can make no general statements about being as a whole because there are ten very different ways in which something can founder being. There is no common ground between the kind of being that a rock has and the kind of being that the color blue has. Aristotles emphasis on the syllogism leads him to conceive of knowledge as hierarchically structured, a claim that he fleshes out in the Posterior Analytics. To have knowledge of a fact, it is not enough simply to be able to repeat the fact.We must also be able to give the reasons why that fact is true, a process that Aristotle calls demonstration. Demonstration is essentially a matter of showing that the fact in question is the conclusion to a valid syllogism. If some truths are premises that can be used to prove other truths, those first truths are logically prior to the truths that follow from them. Ultimately, there must be one or several first principles, from which all other truths follow and which do not themselves follow from anything.However, if these first principles do not follow from anything, they cannot itemize as knowledge because there are no reasons or premises we can give to prove that they are true. Aristotle suggests that these first principles are a kind of intuition of the universals we recognize in convey. Aristotle believes that the objects of knowledge are also structured hierarchically and conceives of definition as largely a process of division. For example, ruminate we want to define human.First, we note that cosmos are animals, which is the genus to which they belong. We can then take note of various differentia, which distinguish humans from other animals. For example, humans walk of life on cardinal legs, unlike tigers, and they lack feathers, unlike birds. Given any term, if we can identify its genus and then identify the differentia that distinguish it from other things within its genus, we have given a definition of that term, which amounts to giving an bankers bill of its constitution, or essence.Ultimately, Aristotle identifies five kinds of relationships a predicate can have with its subject a genus relationship (humans are animals) a differentia relationship (humans have two legs) a unique straight-lacedty relationship (humans are the only animals that can cry out) a definition, which is a unique property that explains the dis view or essence of the subject and an accident relationship, such as some humans have blue eyes, where the relationship does not hold necessarily. While true knowledge is all descended fro m knowledge of first principles, actual argument and debate is much less pristine.When two populate argue, they need not go back to first principles to ground every claim but must simply find premises they both agree on. The trick to debate is to find premises your opponent provide agree to and then show that conclusions contrary to your opponents position follow necessarily from these premises. The Topicsdevotes a great deal of attention to classifying the kinds of conclusions that can be drawn from different kinds of premises, whereas the Sophistical Refutations explores various logical tricks used to deceive people into accepting a faulty line of reasoning. Physics Books 1-4.The Physics opens with an investigation into the principles of nature. At root, there must be a certain number of elemental principles at work in nature, according to which all natural processes can be explained. All commute or process involves something coming to be from out of its opposite. Something c omes to be what it is by acquiring its distinctive formfor example, a baby becomes an adult, a inseminate becomes a mature plant, and so on. Since this the baby or the seed were working toward this form all along, the form itself (the idea or pattern of the mature specimen) must have endureed before the baby or seed in truth matured.Thus, the form must be one of the principles of nature. Another principle of nature must be the privation or absence of this form, the opposite out of which the form came into being. Besides form and privation, there must be a third principle, matter, which remains constant throughout the process of change. If zippo remains unchanged when something undergoes a change, then there would be no thing that we could rate underwent the change. So there are three basic principles of nature matter, form, and privation.For example, a persons education involves the form of being educated, the privation of being ignorant, and the underlying matter of the person who makes the change from ignorance to education. This assimilate of the principles of nature resolves many of the problems of earlier philosophers and suggests that matter is keep though its form may change, the underlying matter involved in changes remains constant. Change takes place according to four different kinds of cause. These causes are surrounding(prenominal) to what we might call explanations they explain in different ways why the change came to pass.The four causes are (1) material cause, which explains what something is made of (2) starchy cause, which explains the form or pattern to which a thing corresponds (3) efficient cause, which is what we ordinarily mean by cause, the original root of the change and (4) final cause, which is the intended purpose of the change. For example, in the making of a house, the material cause is the materials the house is made of, the formal cause is the architects plan, the efficient cause is the process of building it, and the fi nal cause is to provide shelter and comfort.Natural objects, such as plants and animals, differ from fake objects in that they have an internal source of change. All the causes of change in artificial objects are found outside the objects themselves, but natural objects can cause change from within. Aristotle rejects the idea that chance constitutes a fifth cause, similar in nature to the other four. We normally talk about chance in reference to coincidences, where two separate events, which had their own causes, coincide in a way that is not explained by either set of causes.For instance, two people might both have their own reasons for being in a certain place at a certain snip, but neither of these sets of reasons explains the coincidence of both people being there at the kindred time. Final causes apply to nature as much as to art, so everything in nature serves a useful purpose. Aristotle argues against the views both of Democritus, who thinks that necessity in nature has no useful purpose, and of Empedocles, who holds an evolutionary view according to which only those combinations of living parts that are useful have managed to survive and reproduce themselves.If Democritus were right, there would be as many useless aspects of nature as there are useful, while Empedocles theory does not explain how random combinations of parts could come together in the first place. Books III and IV examine some fundamental concepts of nature, starting with change, and then treating infinity, place, void, and time. Aristotle defines change as the actuality of that which exists potentially, in so far as it is potentially this actuality. That is, change time outs in the potential of one thing to become another.In all cases, change comes to pass through contact between an agent and a unhurried, where the agent imparts its form to the patient and the change itself takes place in the patient. Either affirming or denying the innovation of infinity leads to certain cont radictions and riddlees, and Aristotle finds an ingenious solution by distinguishing between potential and actual infinities. He argues that there is no such thing as an actual infinity infinity is not a substance in its own right, and there are neither infinitely large objects nor an infinite number of objects.However, there are potential infinities in the sense that, for example, an immortal could theoretically sit down and count up to an infinitely large number but that this is impossible in practice. Time, for example, is a potential infinity because it potentially extends forever, but no one who is number time will ever count an infinite number of minutes or days. Aristotle asserts that place has a being independent of the objects that occupy it and denies the existence of exculpate space, or void.Place must be independent of objects because otherwise it would make no sense to say that different objects can be in the same place at different times. Aristotle defines place as t he limits of what contains an object and determines that the place of the earth is at the center and the place of the heavens as at the periphery. Aristotles arguments against the void make a number of fundamental errors. For example, he assumes that heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones.From this assumption, he argues that the speed of a falling object is instantaneously proportional to an objects weight and inversely proportional to the density of the medium it leads through. Since the void is a medium of zero density, that would mean that an object would fall infinitely fast through a void, which is an absurdity, so Aristotle concludes that there cannot be such a thing as a void. Aristotle closely identifies time with change. We register that time has passed only by registering that something has changed.In other words, time is a measure of change just as space is a measure of distance. only as Aristotle denies the possibility of empty space, or void, Aristotle denies the possibility of empty time, as in time that passes without anything happening. Physics Books 5-8 Summary There are three kinds of change generation, where something comes into being destruction, where something is destroyed and variation, where some attribute of a thing is changed while the thing itself remains constant.Of the ten categories Aristotle describes in the Categories (see previous summary of the Organon), change can take place only in respect of quality, quantity, or location. Change itself is not a substance and so it cannot itself have any properties. Among other things, this means that changes themselves cannot change. Aristotle discusses the ways in which two changes may be the same or different and argues also that no two changes are opposites, but rather that rest is the opposite of change. Time, space, and movement are all continuous, and there are no fundamental units beyond which they cannot be divided.Aristotle reasons that movement must be continuous becau se the alternatethat objects make infinitesimally small jumps from one place to another without occupying the intermediate spaceis absurd and counterintuitive. If an object moves from nous A to point B, there must be a time at which it is moving from point A to point B. If it is simply at point A at one instant and point B at the next, it cannot properly be said to have moved from the one to the other. If movement is continuous, then time and space must also be continuous, because continuous movement would not be possible if time and space consisted of discrete, indivisible atoms.Among the attached discussions of change, rest, and continuity, Aristotle considers Zenos four famous riddlees. The first is the dichotomy paradox to get to any point, we must first travel halfway, and to get to that halfway point, we must travel half of that halfway, and to get to half of that halfway, we must first travel a half of the half of that halfway, and so on infinitely, so that, for any given distance, there is always a smaller distance to be bury first, and so we can never start moving at all.Aristotle answers that time can be divided just as infinitely as space, so that it would take infinitely little time to cover the infinitely little space needed to get started. The second paradox is called the Achilles paradox supposing Achilles is racing a tortoise and gives the tortoise a head start. Then by the time Achilles r severallyes the point the tortoise started from, the tortoise will have advanced a certain distance, and by the point Achilles advances that certain distance, the tortoise will have advanced a bit farther, and so on, so that it seems Achilles will never be able to catch up with, let alone pass, the tortoise.Aristotle responds that the paradox assumes the existence of an actual infinity of points between Achilles and the tortoise. If there were an actual infinitythat is, if Achilles had to take account of all the infinite points he passed in catching up wi th the tortoiseit would indeed take an infinite amount of time for Achilles to pass the tortoise. However, there is only a potential infinity of points between Achilles and the tortoise, meaning that Achilles can cover the infinitely many points between him and the tortoise in a finite amount of time so long as he does not take account of each point along the way.The third and fourth paradoxes, called the arrow paradox and the stadium paradox, respectively, are more obscure, but they seem to aim at proving that time and space cannot be divided into atoms. This is a position that Aristotle already agrees with, so he takes less trouble over these paradoxes. Aristotle argues that change is eternal because there cannot be a first cause of change without assuming that that cause was itself uncaused. Living things can cause change without something external acting on them, but the source of this change is internal thoughts and desires, and these thoughts and desires are provoked by extern al stimuli.Arguing that time is infinite, Aristotle reasons that there cannot be a last cause, since time cannot exist without change. Next, Aristotle argues that everything that changes is changed by something external to itself. Even changes within a single animal consist of one part of the animal changing another part. Aristotles reflections on cause and change lead him ultimately to posit the existence of a divine unmoved mover. If we were to follow a series of causes to its source, we would find a first cause that is either an unchanged changer or a self-changing changer.Animals are the best examples of self-changers, but they constantly come into being and pass away. If there is an eternal sequence of causes, there needs to be a first cause that is also eternal, so it cannot be a self-changing animal. Since change is eternal, there must be a single cause of change that is itself eternal and continuous. The primary kind of change is movement and the primary kind of movement is circular, so this first cause must cause circular movement. This circular movement is the movement of the heavens, and it is caused by some first cause of infinite power that is above the material world.The circular movement of the heavens is then in turn the cause of all other change in the sublunary world. Metaphysics Books Alpha-Epsilon Knowledge consists of particular truths that we learn through experience and the general truths of art and science. Wisdom consists in arrangement the most general truths of all, which are the fundamental principles and causes that govern everything. Philosophy provides the deepest understanding of the world and of divinity by pursuing the sense of wonder we feel toward reality.There are four kinds of cause, or rather kinds of explanation, for how things are (1) the material cause, which explains what a thing is made of (2) the formal cause, which explains the form a thing assumes (3) the efficient cause, which explains the process by which it c ame into being and (4) the final cause, which explains the end or purpose it serves. The explanations of earlier philosophers have conformed to these four causes but not as coherently and systematically as Aristotles formulation.Aristotle acknowledges that Platos Theory of Forms gives a strong account of the formal cause, but it fails to prove that Forms exist and to explain how objects in the physical world participate in Forms. Book Alpha the Lesser addresses some questions of method. Though we all have a natural aptitude for thinking philosophically, it is very difficult to philosophize well. The particular method of airfield depends on the subject being studied and the inclinations of the students.The important thing is to have a firm grasp of method before proceeding, whatever the method. The best method is that of mathematics, but this method is not suitable for subjects where the objects of study are inclined(predicate) to change, as in science. Most reasoning involves caus al chains, where we investigate a phenomenon by studying its causes, and then the cause of those causes, and so on. This method would be infeasible if there were infinitely long causal chains, but all causal chains are finite, meaning that there must be an uncaused first cause to every chain.Book Beta consists of a series of fifteen metaphysical puzzles on the nature of first principles, substance, and other fundamental concepts. In each case, Aristotle presents a thesis and a contradicting antithesis, both of which could be taken as answers to the puzzle. Aristotle himself provides no answers to the puzzles but rather takes them as examples of extreme positions between which he will try to mediate throughout the rest of the Metaphysics. Book Gamma asserts that philosophy, especially metaphysics, is the study of being qua being.That is, while other sciences investigate limited aspects of being, metaphysics investigates being itself. The study of being qua being amounts to the searc h into first principles and causes. Being itself is primarily identified with the idea of substance, but also with unity, plurality, and a variety of other concepts. Philosophy is also concerned with logic and the principles of demonstration, which are supremely general, and hence concerned with being itself. The most fundamental principle is the principle of noncontradiction nothing can both be something and not be that same something.Aristotle defends this principle by arguing that it is impossible to contradict it coherently. Connected to the principle of non-contradiction is the principle of the excluded middle, which states that there is no middle position between two contradictory positions. That is, a thing is either x or not-x, and there is no third possibility. Book Gamma concludes with an attack on several general claims of earlier philosophers that everything is true, that everything is false, that everything is at rest, and that everything is in motion.Book Delta consist s of the definitions of about forty terms, some of which feature prominently in the rest of the Metaphysics, such as principle, cause, nature, being, and substance. The definitions specify precisely how Aristotle uses these terms and often distinguish between different uses or categories of the terms. Book Epsilon opens by distinguishing philosophy from the sciences not just on the basis of its generality but also because philosophy, unlike the sciences, takes itself as a subject of inquiry. The sciences can be divided into practical, productive, and theoretical.The theoretical sciences can be divided barely into physics, mathematics, and theology, or first philosophy, which studies first principles and causes. We can look at being in four different ways inadvertent being, being as truth, the grade of being, and being in actuality and potentiality. Aristotle considers the first two in book Epsilon and examines the category of being, or substance, in books Zeta and Eta, and being in actuality and potentiality in book Theta. unintended being covers the kinds of properties that are not essential to a thing described.For example, if a man is musical, his musicality is accidental since being musical does not define him as a man and he would however be a man even if he were not musical. Accidental being must have a kind of accidental causation, which we might associate with chance. That is, there is no necessary reason why a musical man is musical, but rather it just so happens by chance that he is musical. Being as truth covers judgments that a given proposition is true. These sorts of judgments involve mental acts, so being as truth is an affection of the mind and not a kind of being in the world.Because accidental being is random and being as truth is only mental, they fall outside the realm of philosophy, which deals with more fundamental kinds of being. Metaphysics Books Zeta-Eta Summary Referring back to his logical work in the Categories, Aristotle opens book Zeta by asserting that substance is the primary category of being. Instead of considering what being is, we can consider what substance is. Aristotle first rejects the idea that substance is the ultimate substrate of a thing, that which remains when all its accidental properties are stripped away.For example, a dog is more fundamental than the color brown or the property of hairiness that are associated with it. However, if we strip away all the properties that a dog possesses, we wind up with a substrate with no properties of its own. Since this substrate has no properties, we can say nothing about it, so this substrate cannot be substance. Instead, Aristotle suggests that we consider substance as essence and concludes that substances are species. The essence of a thing is that which makes it that thing.For example, being rational is an essential property of being human, because a human without rationality ceases to be human, but being musical is not an essential property of being human, because a human without musical skill is still human. Individual people, or dogs, or tables, contain a mixture of essential and inessential properties. Species, on the other handfor instance, people in general, dogs in general, or tables in generalcontain only essential properties. A substance can be given a definition that does not presuppose the existence of anything else.A snub, for example, is not a substance, because we would define a snub as a concave nose, so our definition of snub presupposes the existence of noses. A proper definition of a thing will list only its essential properties, and Aristotle asserts that only substances have essential properties or definitions. A snub nose, by contrast, has only accidental propertiesproperties like redness or largeness that may hold of some snubs but not of alland per se propertiesproperties like concavity, which necessarily holds of all snubs but which is not essential.Physical objects are composites of form and matte r, and Aristotle identifies substance with form. The matter of an object is the stuff that makes it up, whereas the form is the shape that stuff takes. For example, the matter in a bronze sphere is the bronze itself, and the form is the spherical shape. Aristotle argues that form is primary because form is what gives each thing its distinctive nature. Aristotle has argued that the definitions of substances cannot presuppose the existence of anything else, which raises the question of how there can be a definition that does not presuppose the existence of anything else.Presumably, a definition divides a whole into its constituent partsfor example, a human is outlined as a rational animalwhich suggests that a substance must in some way presuppose the existence of its constituent parts. Aristotle distinguishes between those cases where the parts of an object or definition are prior to the whole and those cases where the whole is prior to the parts. For example, we cannot understand the parts of a circle without first understanding the concept of circle as a whole on the other hand, we cannot understand the whole of a syllable before we understand the letters that constitute its parts.Aristotle argues that, in the case of substance, the whole is prior to the parts. He has earlier associated substance with form and suggests that we cannot make sense of matter before we can conceive of its form. To say a substance can be divided by its definition is like saying a physical object can be divided into form and matter this conceptual distinction is possible, but form and matter constitute an indivisible whole, and neither can exist without the other. Similarly, the parts of a definition of a substance are conceptually distinct, but they can only exist when they are joined in a substance.Having identified substance with essence, Aristotle attacks the view that substances are universals. This attack becomes effectively an attack on Platos Theory of Forms, and Aristotle ar gues forcefully that universal Forms cannot exist prior to the individual instances of them or be properly defined and so cannot play any role in science, let alone a fundamental role. He also argues against the suggestion that substances can be genus categories, like animal or plant. Humans and horses, unlike animals, have the property of thisness the words human and horse pick out a particular kind of thing, whereas nothing particular is picked out by animal. Genuses are thus not specific enough to qualify as substances. Book Eta contains a number of loosely connected points elaborating Aristotles views on substance. Aristotle associates an objects matter with its potentiality and its form with its actuality. That is, matter is potentially a certain kind of substance and becomes that substance in actuality when it takes on the form of that substance.By associating substance with form and actuality, Aristotle infers a further connection between substance and differentia differentia are those qualities that distinguish one species in a genus from another. Book Eta also contains reflections on the nature of names, matter, number, and definition. Metaphysics Books Theta-Nu Summary Book Theta discusses potentiality and actuality, considering these concepts first in regard to process or change. When one thing, F, changes into another, G, we can say that F is G in potentiality, while G is G in actuality.F changes into G only if some other agent, H, acts on it. We say that H has active potentiality and F has passive potentiality. Potentiality can be either rational or irrational, depending on whether the change is effected by a rational agent or happens naturally. Aristotle distinguishes rational potentiality from irrational potentiality, saying that rational potentiality can produce opposites. For example, the rational potentiality of medicine can produce either health or sickness, whereas the irrational potentiality of heating can produce only heat and not cold.Al l potentialities must last be realized if a potentiality never becomes an actuality, then we do not call it a potentiality but an impossibility. A potentiality is also determinate, meaning that it is the potential for a particular actuality and cannot realize some other actuality. While irrational potentialities are automatically triggered when active and passive potentialities come together, this is not the case with rational potentialities, as a rational agent can choose to withhold the realization of the potentiality even though it can be realized.Aristotle identifies actuality with form, and hence substance, while identifying matter with potentiality. An uncarved piece of wood, for example, is a potential statue, and it becomes an actual statue when it is carved and thus acquires the form of a statue. Action is an actuality, but there are such things as incomplete actions, which are also the potentiality for further actions.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Medical/Nursing Research and Identify Associated Dilemmas, Analyze the History of Ethics and Research, and Identify Areas of Conflict Between Research and Ethics

morals and Research Paper Brandi McCord University of Phoenix (online) In my piece of music I plan to address the advantages and disadvantages of medical/nursing look into and Identify associated dilemmas, analyze the muniment of ethics and look into, and identify vault of heavens of scrap between research and ethics. Ethics is defined as the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the member of a profession. Research is defined as any assembly of data, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge.We live in a world today where there are new advancements in the medical field on a daily basis only if there are many of advantages and disadvantages that can follow the research in which they do to get to where they need to go in their research and advancements. The benefits and risks of participating in a trial can vary depending on the type and purpose of each individual trial they run. Some advantages of clinical trials which are through with(p) for the purpose of testing medicine, medical devices and treatments that are made available for human health.I have listed infra some of the advantages in doing this Those who they look at to use for these trials can try whatever it is they may be testing at the time free of charge. This can also include treating someone for a medical condition that otherwise could be very expensive. The medical team in which is conducting the study will closely monitor you You are getting the happening to be a part of medical research that could result in huge advancements in medicine or therapy that could not only facilitate you still others as well.You will be reimbursed for any expenses you may have during the study you participate in. You could be the one of the first people to have access to a major medical breakthrough for a treatment. Though there are many advantages there are also many disadvantages. I have listed the disadvantages below The research or trial you choose to participate in may be or become very time consuming. This could take time past from you and your family. If you are currently taking any medication or may need to get put on medication you will not be able to unless approved to do so.This could affect your health if they cannot approve what you may need to take. The activities you are accustom to whether by yourself or with your family such(prenominal) as drinking, cozy activity, sports, reproduction function and more could all be effected and maybe even put on hold for awhile. You also take the risk of your health being affected worse if you have a reaction to whatever trial you may be testing. Next I would like to analyze the history of ethics and research.The history of research dates back to the first human subject being used in 1946, when an American military tribunal opened abominable proceedings against German physicians and administrators for their participation in war crimes and crimes against the human race. During this time the Germa n physicians were performing medical experiments on concentration camp prisoners without the prisoners knowing anything of it because they had not gotten their take to do such things to them. Most of the prisoners died or became crippled do to the things they experimented on them.The result of this is what brought on the Nuremberg Code the first international document which state that The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential, this made it clear to everyone that any person used in an experiment mustiness give their consent and the benefits of the research should outweigh the risks. Research with humans should be based on the results from laboratory and animal experimentation. Research protocols should be reviewed by an independent committee precedent to initiation.Informed consent from participants is a must. Research should be conducted by medically/scientifically qualified individuals Risks should not outweigh benefits of the experiment. In 1979 the Na tional Commission for the shelter of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavior Research prepared the Belmont Report. This report consists of basic ethical principles and guidelines that should assist in resolving the ethical problems that surround the conduct of research with human subjects.This report consists of three basic ethical principles and their corresponding applications they are as follows Respect for others (individuals should be treated as autonomous agents and persons with diminished familiarity are entitled to protection) Beneficence (human subjects should not be harmed, research should maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms) Justice (the benefits and risks of research must be distributed somewhatly) applicationInformed consent (subjects, to the degree that they are capable, must be given the opportunity to choose what shall or shall not happen to them and the consent process must include three main elements information, comprehension, and volunta riness) Assessment of risks and benefits (the nature and scope of risks and benefits must be assessed in a systemic manner) Selection of subjects (there must be fair procedures and outcomes in the selection of research subjects) Though we have come a long way within our research of human subject and experiments being done allowing us to make huge breakthroughs in medicine today there are also many areas of conflict concerning this matter. I would have to say the area of stem cell research and using a babys cord blood has been one of the biggest areas of conflict I have seen. Though I really do not agree nor disagree with this subject it can save lives. In conclusion I would like to say in our research today we have saved and killed many lives. We deal with many advantages and disadvantages regarding research and the ethical side of it.The use of humans for research has caused a lot of conflict throughout the U. S. I believe that though it may be unethical in some ways to use human s ubjects for research if it were not for them doing such things I would not be a cancer survivor. I do not believe in harming people by no means but I do feel if you have consent and the person has offered themselves to help save the lives of others then why not? We all want to lend a helping hand to another person at some point in our lives just think how it make those people feel who actually help save lives. References http//www. sanctr. gov University of Las Vegas Division of Research and Graduate Studies http//ask. com http//www. questia. com

Fiscal Policy Essay

The United States impacts various policies not only at home but abroad. It has been a go-getter for many years, and its strengths and weaknesses impact other countries. The deficit, unornamented, and debt are three major areas influencing these policies. These three factors pick out a gigantic impact on many areas we will discuss. These let in taxpayers, the future of affable Security and Medicare users, the unemployed, a University of genus Phoenix student, the United States financial report on an international level, a domestic automotive manufacturing, or exporter, Italian clothing company, or importer and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Italian Clothing CompanyThe United States deficit, tautologic, and debt play a factor a role in the conduct of business with any Italian clothing company. Italy relies on its manufacturing exports to provide for its economy, and the United States ranks as one of one of its prolific export partners. According to delivery Watch Content (2010) , Italys famous brands such as Armani, Valentino, Versace, and Prada have created a niche in the global marketplace where there is a huge demand for high quality and superior goods. According to Colander (2010), the United States has run a trade deficit in the last 40 years. If the U.S. is uneffective to purchase from Italy, this affects the Italian economy.Financial Reputation of the United States on an International Level The U.S.s deficit, surplus and debt impact the financial reputation of the United States on an international level because these are factors that promote or slow economic growth, future prosperity and foreign policy. The United States debt is the largest in the world for a private country, which has caused the financial reputation and creditworthiness of the United States to suffer (Amadeo, 2013).The dollar bill is considered to be a global currency and the one primarily used in international proceeding and trade. When foreign investors lose confidence in the U. S. Governments ability to manage the budget and pay off their debt, they raise interest rates on loans for the added risk. Government isno longer able to borrow at affordable rates. Demand for investing in U.S. treasuries diminishes, lowering bond ratings and the value of the dollar. When the value of the dollar decreases, the dollar becomes less desirable, and foreign investors get paid back in currency that is worth less, which damages the special role of the dollar and the financial reputation of the United States (Boccia, 2013). Tax PayersTo repay the nations debt budget makers frequently visit the option of higher taxation of the wealthy and businesses. Individuals and Corporations fear this option because staffing and insuring becomes more(prenominal) costly hurting the bottom line. A contributing factor to the current state of the U.S. economy is the gradual decline in taxes that the wealthy essential pay.The U.S. must reduce the deficit or the debt will grow, and could become very costly to taxpayers possibly having to reach in their declare pockets to pay off the debt. When the economy is doing substantially and the unemployment rates are low, the economy should be in decent standing due to the fact that the newly employed taxpayers have once again began stipendiary into the taxes, but they also are stimulating the economy by spending their money and paying sales taxes. Future Social Security & Medicare UsersAccording to the 2010 Trustees business relationship the programs face massive permanent annual deficits starting in just five years. Coupled with a Congressional Budget Office report predicting Social Security and Medicare expenditures to increase around 75% by the year 2030, economists seem to have no certain answers now (John, 2010). Social Security and Medicare benefits have their own funds so they do not affect one another nor does any other debt affect them. Social funds such as these have their own funding scheme thats not tied to other federal bodies or accounts (Mankiw, 2011). A domestic automotive manufacturing (exporter)The effect that the U.S.s deficit, surplus and debt have on a domestic automotive manufacturing exporter starts with the decline in auto sales. The deficit in the economy is followed by a decline in spending and lowered auto sales. A decline in auto sales reduces employment due to lower demand and adds to trade deficits. When the U.S. is unable to contend to other countrieswe are forced into a surplus. Businesses fail lead to government bailouts. The government spends money going into debt to save these companies. Unemployed IndividualsThe deficit affects unemployed individuals because the large number who need help, cannot get it, or cannot get enough to help supplementing their income until they find employment. A surplus provides help with unemployment benefits WIC and other programs. Debt leads to higher taxes, making sustainability difficult for themselves and their families. Univer sity of Phoenix StudentThe deficit affects a University of Phoenix student because funding for financial aid could be compromised leading to more private loans. Loans become expensive, costing the student more. The surplus affects a University of Phoenix student by providing additional resources for school funding and programs. Debt means not having enough money to fund schooling leading to higher personal debt. GDPGDP is affected by deficits, levels of debt and budget surpluses. When the U.S. runs a high deficit, debt levels increase putting pressure on economic growth. The Reinhart/Rogoff question concluded that when a countrys gross debt exceeds 90% of GDP, median growth rates fall by one percent, and average growth falls considerably more (Sahadi, 2013). Budget surpluses impact GDP growth positively by providing additional resources for the government to invest in the countrys economy. closureThe U.S. governments handling of federal budgets affects individuals and businesses alike worldwide from students to major corporations. Deficits lead to debt burdening the economy, negatively impacting nearly every aspect of the financial world. A surplus shows financial responsibility positively affecting the economy and creating prosperity.ReferencesAmadeo, Kimberly (Feb. 2013). What the U.S. Debt Is. Retrieved from http//useconomy.about.com/od/fiscalpolicy/p/US_Debt.htmBoccia, Romina (Feb.2013). How the United States High Debt Will Weaken TheEconomy And Hurt Americans. Retrieved from http//www.heritage.org/research/reports/2013/02/how-the-united-states-high-debt-will-weaken-the-economy-and-hurt-americans Colander, D. C. (2010). Macroeconomics (8th ed.). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill/Irwin.Italy Trade, Exports and Imports. (2010, March 27). Retrieved from http//www.economywatch.com/world_economy/italy/export-import.html John, D. C. (2010). 2010 Social Security Trustees Report Continues to Show the Urgency of Reform. Retrieved from http//www.heritage.org/research/report s/2010/08/2010-social-security-trustees-report-continues-to-show-the-urgency-of-reform Mankiw, G. (2011). Principles of Microeconomics (6th ed.). Mason, OH Cengage Learning Sahadi, J. (2013, April 17). Debts impact on growth Latest study doesnt settle debate. Retrieved from http//money.cnn.com/2013/04/17/news/economy/debt-deficits/index.html

Martial Law Reflection Paper

Colleen Gatchalian September 17, 2012 II Ilang-ilang Soc Sci 2MARTIAL LAW REFLECTION piece of musicDuring our humanities week in my high school, we commemorated the 40th anniversary of martial Law as the Social Science activity.1 There were exhibits, rituals, talks, and many experiences shared and throughout every this, I shake off come to realize how lucky I am, that I thrust the freedom all those heroes during martial law fought for, without shift a sweat.2 I realized how blessed I am, that I can do what I want to do, when I want to, because of heroes who sacrificed their lives for that.3 I learn about the importance of freedom, love for country, sacrifice, and memory all those who have d unmatchable something worthwhile.4 During the tri plainlye to Pi hypothesise martyrs, I really took the time to remember and nourish everything they did for our country.5 I still have those rice grains we were asked to keep in my desk drawer, and every day when I open the drawer to get p aper or a pen, I al personal manners remember what the grains represented the fruits of the labor that all the martyrs went through. During the talks in the gym and in the small group discussion, I learned about the blood and sweat that all the Filipinos wasted fight martial law.7 Honestly, I never think of martial law heroes when I project or hear the word hero, because I mostly think of the heroes from the Spanish era, but then I realized that this was just a young version of what happened to our country during the Spanish era the bulk made so many sacrifices and lived through horrible and torturous times. I learned about all the hardships Filipinos went through, and the many things they werent allowed to do, along with the very few things they were actually allowed to do.9 I do realize that I am only supposed to put forward one important thing I learned, but I feel it necessary to enumerate all these, because I feel that they are of equal importance.10 Freedom is very impo rtant, because it is one of the things in life that people look forward too making their own choices, and doing what they want, when they want.11 Love for country is similarly important, because your country is the place where you were born and where you live, you grew up in its culture, and you act like someone who grew up in it you cant just throw it aside, rather, you have to fight for it, love it, and honor it, because it is yours.12 I consider sacrifice as one of the most important things I have learned during the talk, because without sacrifice, on that point would be no heroes who gave us what we have today.13 Sacrifice is a virtue we must all have, and something we must use when it comes to people whom we love.14 Lastly, remembering all our heroes is important, because not all of us will just lay mess our lives for our country, because it takes a great deal of love for our country, and of course courageousness, to sacrifice for ones country.15 Just like what Elias said in Jose Rizals Noli Me Tangere, we must remember those who fell in the night without seeing the dawn.16 We have to value all our heroes for what they did, and strive to become like them in serving our country.17 Assuming I was a Pisay student during the martial law era, I would definitely join an activist group, because I feel that the power the people hold is without a doubt larger than whatever power any drawing card holds therefore, if a lot of people revolt against martial law, the time will come when the leader will have to give up and do what the people want, just like what happened during the People Power Revolution.18 However, inside school, I would start an activist group.19 I dont have the courage to start an activist group outside of school because I dont have the authority and I am not comfortable doing so, but once inside my school, I will do what I want to go against Marcos and his ridiculous martial law declaration.20 Likewise, I feel that fighting for a cause is more effective if more people unite and do it all together.21 Being a Pisay student also direction being an Iskolar ng Bayan therefore, I have to fulfill the duties of being an Iskolar ng Bayan.22 In doing so, I can show my appreciation of the deeds of the heroes and martyrs of Martial Law by always remembering them during National Heroes Day and valuing what they did whenever its September 21.23 Also, I will try to find my own way to serve my country as they did, so to use my talents in a proper way, and to give back to the country that gave me my exceptional high school education.24 Also, I will bring up the subject of martial law heroes whenever the subject of Filipino heroes comes up and most of all, I will reasure the freedom that I have with all my heart and treat it as the most precious thing I can ever possess to value everything that the heroes and martyrs did for all of us.25 I cant begin to imagine a life without freedom.26 I salute to all the martial law heroes who laid down their lives to give me and every other Filipino the freedom each of us deserves.27 And so to end my reflection paper, Id like to say thank you to every hero who gave me my freedom, both named and unnamed.28

Product Lyfe Cylce of Iphone Essay

In class we learned about product life beats and how the product life cycle tells us how the product is doing in the market. A product goes through four percentage points in the product life cycle and they are introduction, growth, maturity, and dip. In the introduction stage the company promotes the product in order to create awareness. In the growth stage the sales and benefits increase. In the maturity stage most of the profit is earned during this stage and competitors are established. In the decline stage the sales decline and profits also go down. During this stage the company could decide to skip over off the product as well.The IPhone 4s is currently in the maturity stage and there are many competitors that the IPhone has to deal with right now. Just to name a few Samsung Galaxy S II HD, Galaxy Note, HTC Sensation 4G, and Motorola Droid. In the current stage Apple has to deal with all the competitors that Ive listed and the market manage is going down along with profits . The reason why I say that is because when it comes to technology people want to buy the latest thing and if Apple isnt changing there phone or bundle for the phone then they are going to lose customers due to new technology and software on the other phones. When the IPhone first came out it was always in the growth stage because it didnt have any competitors and the sales were always going up because everyone precious one. But that didnt last because competitors came out with touch screen phone that were cheaper then the IPhone.And as of right now the first IPhone is the decline stage because they no longer make them and no software updates are available as well. For the IPhone 4S to stay in the maturity it must come out with a software update. Apple is currently working on IOS 6 which is coming this fall and its going to have features that will make it easier for people who have disabilities to use the devices. other app that got updated was Maps, which will now give you turn-b y-turn spoken directions, interactive 3D view, and a new flyover feature will allow you to see major electron tube areas from an airplane. It will also have another new app called Passbook that will store your boarding passes, movie tickets, retail coupons, loyalty cards in your phone. in any case new calling feature that will let you reply with a text message or set a callback reminder when you decline a call. And there are many other features that are going to be new or improved in IOS 6, which will set upthe IPhone 4S to continue to be on the maturity stage. Another thing they could do in order to stay in the maturity stage is reduce the price of the IPhone 4S which will increase sales and profit.

Her body, her baby, her choice Essay

Abortion, its non a choice that any woman would ever want to bring in to make, but its a end that she should befuddle the right to make. If it comes down to the possibility of her and her baby losing their do its, she should be able to stop this possibly portentous pregnancy. The body is hers, the baby is hers, and the choice should be hers. If you disagree, make the choice for your own body. Abortion should be legal. What people may not realize is that, legal or not, abortion still happens each(prenominal) around the world.Of the rough 42 million abortions that do occur worldwide, almost half(prenominal) are performed by unskilled individuals, in environments that do not meet minimum medical standards or both. (http//www. guttmacher. org/pubs/gpr/12/4/gpr120402. html). Unsafe and extrajudicial abortion is responsible for one in eight maternal deaths and according to an estimate done by the World Health Organization in 2006 back alley abortions cause about(predicate) 68, 000 deaths each stratum where abortion isnt legal. There is no question that making abortion illegal in places much(prenominal) as the United States, will only make these numbers increase greatly.Its no surreptitious that raising a child requires mass amounts of money that legion(predicate) women who get pregnant dont establish, especially if they agree no partner to help them out. Poor and low income women account for more than half of abortions in the United States. Without the option to get an abortion, there would be many more children suffering because they have to live their life in poverty. Almost half of all children with a single mother live in poverty, these children experience poverty at a rate that is more than four times high than kids in married-couple families.Although, it is believed that abortion legalization may have led to an improvement in the average lifespan conditions of children, probably by reducing the numbers of youngsters who would have lived in single-parent families, lived in poverty, received welfare and died as infants. (https//www. guttmacher. org/pubs/journals/3402502. html) Many people who are against abortion dont take into consideration that not all women are able to safely give birth to a child and the endangerment of death associated with vaginal birth is about 10 times as high as the risk of death associated withabortion.For example, teen girls decrepit around 15-19 years old have bodies that are not yet ready for childbirth. These girls are fiver times more likely to die, with around 70,000 of them dying annually. Their babies that do survive still have a 60% higher chance of dying than normal babies. With so much uncertainty, why shouldnt they have the option to prevent themselves and their own parents the pain of losing a child. Many people believe that women are using abortion as a form of birth control.That they believe that they no longer need to be cautious because they can go pop over to the doctor s to get an abortion whenever. However, this isnt the case and, more often than not, women who get abortions were on some sort of birth control. Though, with any birth control there is almost always a chance of it not working properly and you becoming pregnant. Only slight than one in ten women getting abortions werent on any sort of birth control. reservation abortion illegal forces women who may have taken many precautions to not become pregnant to have a child that they dont want and makes it so that an unwanted child is born into this world. This would not be fair to the woman or the child. Something that many people who oppose to abortion believe is that abortion, willing or induced, raises the risk of breast malignant neoplastic disease or any other type of cancer. There have been many, many studies done studies by various people such as the National Registry of bring on Abortions, the Danish Cancer Registry, Harvard researchers, and The California Teachers Study.The large size of most of the studies and the manner in which they were done deliver good evidence that induced labor does not affect a womans risk of developing breast cancer. In 2003, the U. S. National Cancer Institute had a workshop with more than coke of the worlds leading experts who study pregnancy and breast cancer risk. They all found that uncomplete induced or spontaneous abortion are linked to an increase in breast cancer risk the level of scientific evidence for these findings was considered the highest level, well established.Abortion should be legal because it saves many womens lives from unsafe abortion, it can save families from lifelong poverty and it may save the lives of women who are ineffective to safely give birth to children. In a country that is establish on license freedom of speech, freedom of religion, individual freedom, why should this situation be any different? A law based off of a religious belief isnt something that this country stands for, a law that pre vents women from making decisions about her own body should not be a law in this country.

College Transfer

Womack RdDunwoody, Atlanta, GA 30338 October 9, 2012 costly Emory University Administration When applying to Georgia Perimeter College (GPC), my initial choice in majoring was dental hygiene. During my first summer session, one and only(a) of my courses that I had to take was psychology. I realized that it was not only first true academic, but besides a personal life passion. I spent my weekends reading psychology related books, experiments, and articles.I counted minutes for my dearie class to start and once it started, I used to get sucked into lectures so deep not realizing how clock time went by. I became aware and confidant about changing my major to psychology. Upon my second semester of my freshmen year, I learned from the judicial system that my civilize does not offer the major I am now planning to pursue. In fact, my school does not even offer bachelors degree. I have visited Emory University this summer and even met with many psychology professors.I was impressed o f Emorys highest ranking status among the other universities in southeast region. By attention Emory, I am looking forward in hoping to expand and extend my knowledge in psychology, get in in more psychology related work, and volunteer to work and cooperate with psychology professors. My intentions for transferring are only for the academic and educational purposes. I have met many good people and made good friends at my currents school. My professors are well educated.I originally choose GPC because it felt like home. It was neither populated, nor far from my house. However, I am willing to push myself for new environment, adventures, and challenges. My academic achievement that shows in my transcripts proves of my ability to meet the standards and readily typeface the challenges of Emory University. The University and its program in psychology completely match my interests. I am hoping and looking forward in attending a program and pursue my bachelors degree in the field of psy chology.

Organise Meetings

operations manager to take over. All operations of the entire process. In Australia after comment on the proposal has been accepted, the debate lead occur that their decisions virtually where to apply, how much it is emotional, and the result of the release of the flavor of the purge states in the country. Australia has been mentioned in the notice must be returned to headquarters in Melbourne, if any, provided that they are not able to. in-person countance. , Participants are required to bring research papers to be fully advised of their powerful evidence. company Ms DonasNotice Date 31-07-2014 Notice is sent by the secretary of Shish (Facilitator) CEO of Ms Donas Australia. Its aim to depose 20 days prior to the clash so that everyone can make a time in their schedule for the meeting. If someone is unable to attend the meeting he has inform the USAF (secretary) with personal c whole. castling Ms Donas head office third floor 190, Saddened Road Saddened Melbourne Australia Date 12-1 1-2014 Time Bam to loam Us fence Attendees Facilitators Shish(CEO) Marketing manager-M knish National consultant- Art Secretary Dennis (Time keeper)Minute taker USAF Objective Talking about the new range of Ms Donald in Australia. Explain to all the success of this new menu. Agenda Effective Launch of Ms Donas new range menu in Australia. Minutes Timing Presenter Task 8 am to 805 am Shish (CEO) Welcome amenities in a meeting and ask any apology, she willing explain the reason why the meeting. 805 to 0 USAF (Minute Taker) They are about the minutes of the meeting of the past and what they decide and what they have received after the decision they have taken in the anterior meeting. 810 to 815Operations manager explained all menu items to the members of her team in the conference. 0815 to 0820 Marketing manager of exploration and presentation of all the evidence, all the strategies they used while launching a new menu. Taste of America 0820 TTT25 Art describe how they will en trustworthy the fibre of products in the store and also in the supply of raw materials. 0925 to 0945 Everybody Open sermon of all issues and offer solutions that will be perfect and CEO, will make the final decision. 0945 to 0955 CEO Western end marketing techniques in the treatment process. 55 to 1000 Thank you all for coming and Shish holds a meeting with one month notices. Meeting 2 Brief The Australian giving medication has launched a new safety standards, known as the drop down it is a matter of adept security. So they can improve their crews towards this new safety standards and it can reduce the impact of any leaving of physical ability. Happy regional Manager is responsible for calling this meeting and she will make sure that everyone can share information that they would provide information to workers, their manager.Shish and be ere that all the people working in the stores correctly. Aware of the new safety standard Dennis manager is responsible. In the absenc e of a store public treasury to follow every step to ensure accurate measurements. The security of the crew , the assistant manager and the wellness and safety of staff Art do is to check daily that all safety equipment is up to designation and everyone in the store to know how to use them in need . Monish crew training will provide all the information to the crew about safety .Talk about how to provide information about health and safety standards hat have been issued by the Australian government called the Drop down ascribable to an increase in incidences in Australia over the last couple of years. Agenda Health and Safety in the stores Notice Date 1-08-2013 Notice is sent by the Regional Manger Baby of Ms Donas Australia. Its purpose to inform 14 days prior to the meeting so that everyone has to attend the meeting. If someone is unable to attend the meeting he has inform the Baby with personal call. Palace Ms Donas head office 3rd floor Date Time am to AMA happy -Regional mang er Melody Restaurant manger

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin Essay

In the 1995 BBC adaptation of Austens impertinent, screenwriter Andrew Davies draws a feel and prepossession which upholds and celebrates the paternal institution of jointure. Davies pares down the multiple sub-plots which are representative of realistic wo piecely gos and chooses, instead, to ignore Austens womens liberationist intent. To the entirely young-bearing(prenominal) perspective of the refreshful, Davies adds a male narrative point of view as substantially as a male esteem and overt versed urge effectively to deny female subjectivity in the film.The paper also argues that popular culture has betrayed Austens intent by suppressing her subtle rottenness of the marriage plot. plume and Prejudice, which chronicles the courtship and eventual marriage of Elizabeth white avens to Fitzwilliam Darcy, involves the education of both Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy, who moldiness switch their false impressions before they can respect and love one an otherwise. The novels open ing line, It is a truth universally ac familiarityd, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife (51 ch.1), alerts the reader from the give awayset that the plot centres around marriage. In the next sentence, Austen sets the stage for her ingenious disruption of the marriage plot by establishing the male rather than the female as the object of exchange However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well frosty in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters (51 ch. 1).Austen creates an intensely personal environment where the plot focuses on the relationships between the female characters within the domestic field of study as well as on the developing romance between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy. Major differences exist between Austens novel and the 1995 BBC adaptation of pride and Prejudice in regard to point of view, the male paying attention and overt sexuality. In this womens picture, aimed at a predominantly female audience, the look of the tv camera much frequently follows the narrative from the heroines perspective so that the peach sees what the heroine sees.Although much of the BBC adaptation of is filmed from Elizabeth viewpoint, the cameras gaze frequently switches to bring a male point of view and male experience to the forefront. turn on that point are significant differences between Austens novel and the BBC adaptation in harm of its narrative point of view, the novel and the film employ the looks exchanged between characters in a mistakable fashion to accentuate Darcys attraction to Elizabeth. In both versions Elizabeth first falls under Darcys scrutiny at the Meryton assembly when he insults her by declaring that she is not attractive enough to render her refreshing as a dance partner.Upon overhearing his disdain, Elizabeth promptly gets up from her chair and removes herself from his critical notice. After this initial encounter, Austens narrative describes how Elizabeth quickly becomes an object of great interest to Mr. Darcy Mr. Darcy had at first scarcely allowed her to be more or less he had looked at her without admiration at the ball and when they next met, he looked at her only to criticise. . . . though he had detected with a critical eye more than one failure of perfect dimension in her form he was forced to acknowledge her figure to be light and pleasing. (70 ch. 6)As the novel progresses, Elizabeth becomes increasingly cognizant of Mr. Darcys gaze. While visiting the Collins at Hunsford, Elizabeth once again encounters Mr. Darcy. While Elizabeth is seated at the piano conversing with Colonel Fitzwilliam during an evening spent at Rosings Park, Darcy stationed himself so as to command a full view of the fair performers countenance (206 ch. 31). Charlotte Collins suspects that Mr. Darcy is in love with Elizabeth and sets o ut to prove that her intuition is correct She watched him whenever they were at Rosings, and whenever he came to Hunsford but without much success.He certainly looked at her friend a great deal, but the expression of that look was disputable. It was an earnest, steadfast gaze, but she often doubted whether there were much admiration in it, and sometimes it come outed nothing but absence of mind. (214 ch. 32) In the BBC adaptation, however, Darcys gaze is far less ambiguous than it appears in Austens novel. The film has the advantage of being able to create a visual representation of the narrative, making it much more explicit to the spectator that Darcys unbroken observation of Elizabeth results from his desire rather than from his disdain of her.The screenplay offers the spectator a privileged position which allows him/her more knowledge than Elizabeth for, mend Elizabeth naively suspects that there must be something horribly wrong with her to attract Mr. Darcys attention, the s pectator understands that Darcys smouldering glances are the result of frustrated desire which he cannot conquer. In scene subsequently scene, Darcy continues to fix his gaze on Elizabeth, watching from the window as Jane and Elizabeth depart in the carriage from Netherfield and scrutinising Elizabeth as she dances with Mr. Collins at the Netherfield ball.At times, Elizabeth seems completely unaware that she is being watched by Mr. Darcy while at others her sensation of his gaze makes her exceedingly uncomfortable. In the film adaptation of vainglory and Prejudice, the interaction and conversations between Darcy and Elizabeth are nigh often filmed from such perspective that Darcy and Elizabeth rarely appear together in the same frame in until the very end of the film. Although Elizabeth occasionally steals glances at Darcy when he is unaware, she does not return his regard until almost the keeping of the film during a scene in which she and the Gardiners dine at Pemberly and Mr.Darcy smiles benevolently on her as she stands by his sister Georgiana at the piano. After his company has left, Darcy recollects with pleasure the eye contact he enjoyed sharing with Elizabeth precedent in the evening. Even when Elizabeth and Darcy are left alone to walk together, Elizabeth continues to avert her eyes from Darcys countenance. disrespect the fact that she initiates the conversation which results in Darcy renewing his earlier proposal of marriage, she cannot meet his gaze.The film adaptation of Pride and Prejudice ends as soon as Elizabeth and Darcy are united in marriage and it is not until the closing scene when Elizabeth and Darcy are leaving the church that Elizabeth can finally look into his eyes as they take a kiss to seal their union. The sexuality evident in the most recent incarnation of Pride and Prejudice on film represents a distinct departure from Austens novel. Unlike Austen, Andrew Davies introduces sexuality into Pride and Prejudice in his rece nt television adaptation, contending, There is a lot of pent-up sexuality in Austens work and I have let it out (quoted in Amis 34).In the film, male sexuality and desire are evident as the heroine falls under scrutiny of the male gaze. Several additions to Austens novel have been made in the section of the screenplay which recounts Elizabeth and Janes stay at Netherfield while Jane is recuperating from her illness. In one scene, Elizabeth, unfamiliar with the house at Netherfield, accidentally enters the wrong room and encounters Darcy playing billiards. As she turns to cast off the room, he shoots her a brooding look and indeed, in a symbolic gesture, forcefully knocks a billiard ball into the pocket.A short time deepr, the spectator observes Mr. Darcy finishing a bath and then motion to look down from his window at Elizabeth romping in the yard with a dog. These cinematic images, instead of furthering the narrative, seem to have been included in the film adaptation primarily to establish Darcy as a sexual subject and set up Elizabeth as the object of his desire. Darcy vents his frustration in the physical activity of a fencing match during another portion of the filmic text invented for the screenplay.This scene demonstrates Darcys virility, and closes with a close-up of Darcy, glistening with travail from his masculine exertion, presumably referring to his love for Elizabeth as he proclaims to himself, I shall conquer this. Similarly, when Darcy makes an early return to Pemberly while Elizabeth is there on a tour, the camera focuses on Darcy striding back to his estate on horseback and then dismounting, undressing and diving into a pond on his property. Although in the novel Mr.Darcy does arrive unexpectedly at Pemberly to find Elizabeth there with the Gardiners, the film enhances the sexual tension between the two characters by embellishing an astonished and embarrassed Elizabeths encounter with a wet, partially clad Darcy. Although the screenplay p ositions Darcy as a sexual subject, female sexuality is virtually non-existent in the film except for a passive female desire characterised by waiting, frustration and misunderstanding. scorn the many differences between Austens novel and the screen adaptation of Pride and Prejudice, both versions portray female desire as essentially passive.The BBC adaptation of Pride and Prejudice reflects this feminist backlash characteristic of late twentieth century culture. By employing male point of view and the male gaze to transform Elizabeth Bennet into an object of Darcys sexual desire, the filmmakers have created a traditional Hollywood picture. Although the BBC adaptation of Pride and Prejudice is. indeed, a womens picture, it strays from Austens feminist intent. Although Austen ends her novel with the marriage of Elizabeth Bennet, she, nevertheless, skilfully empowers her heroine within the confines of the marriage plot.Despite the constraints imposed on her gender by the society of the late eighteenth and early 19th centuries, Jane Austen manages to some degree subvert the patriarchal ideology of the time period in which she lived. In addition, through and through her portrayals of unsatisfactory marriages and her references to the economic necessities which often left women with no options other than marriage, Austen creates distance between the reader and the heroine to proceed over-identification.By successfully inverting the male/subject and female/object roles at the conclusion of the novel, Austen convinces the reader that Mr. Darcy was in reality the object of her choice (385 ch. 59). Conclusively, a comparison of Austens Pride and Prejudice to the television dramatization of her novel illustrates how popular culture has betrayed Austens intent by suppressing her subtle subversion of the marriage plot.Although Austen never openly challenges the institution of marriage itself, she manages to be subversive by focusing the readers attention on the heroi nes personal growth and autonomy within marriage. Works Cited Amis, Martin. Janes World. The New Yorker 8 (Jan. 1996) 31-35. Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Ed. Tony Tanner. New YorkPenguin, 1985. Pride and Prejudice. Dir. Simon Langton. Screenplay by Andrew Davies. Perf. Jennifer Ehle and Colin Firth. BBC/A&E, 1995.

Comparison Between Milo Horlicks and Bornevita

MILO BRANDING Milo put up is the worlds guide chocolate malt bever sequence that lavatory be prepared with hot or cold take out or water. Given its popularity it is a must have mathematical product for food service operators particularly in Asia, Africa and Oceania. Loved and trusted by parents and kids alike, Milo products take awayer essential vitamins and minerals * calcium for strong teeth and swot up * crusade to carry oxygen to the bodys cells * vitamin A for healthy eye sight * vitamins B1 and B2 to economic aid release energy from foods * Vitamin C to keep skin and gums in good shape.REF(www. nestle. com/ shops/allbrands/milo_foodservice). Origin Milo was to begin with developed by Thomas Mayne in Sydney, Australia in 1934. It is marketed and sold in many countries around the world. increase availability It is marketed and sold in many countries around the world (worldwide) (Ref WIKI) Malted barley is one of the bring out ingredients that give MILO the unique grea t taste perception and crunch you love. It is naturally rich in carbohydrates (including starches and maltose), the preferred energy source for the brain, nervous system and working muscles.Including calcium, MILO contains 6 essential vitamins and minerals. Together with take out it is a nutrient rich discombobulate for active kids. A glass of MILO and milk is game in protein Low GI Nutrient rich particularly calcium where it provides nearly 50% of Recommended free-and-easy Intake (RDI). REF (http//www. milo. com. au/products/milo/) check this website below DID YOU KNOW PACKING Package available, develop by replacing the old one with instituteing the interesting picture.Before this, Milo incase only have their brand name, but nowadays Milo have been through the transformation by using faces of national athletes to retract to a greater extent customers. Besides, Milo too has adding more colorful color beside oftheir green color which is their main color. This profit c an attract children to drink Milo. By doing this transformation Milo will be more up to date and can build loyal customer and as well as to be more different than their competitor such as Oligo Cocowhich are using the same green color for their packaging.Milo product enhancement Milo has realized and able to fulfill customer needs, so that they progress to 3 in 1Milo from the standard powder Milo. This is for the customers that do non have enough time or in mountain because they only need a short time to make it. This is because 3 in 1Milo already has added cream pitcher and sugar for consumer convenience. crimson kids also can do it by themselves because it already complete and they do not have to add anything. Add more ingredients To differentiate Milo from other product they have produce a healthy Milo by adding cereal in Milo Fuze.This Milo is very satisfactory for consumer that concern about healthy and on diet because cereal can avoid people from signature hungry and contain fiber that good for digestion. Milo also contains a lot of livelihood which does notcontained in the other competitors product such as Oligo Coco. Oligo Coco is just a normal chocolate malt drink and they do not have nutrition such as Milo. (http//www. scribd. com/ mercantilism/26214574/15/Information-in-Milo-Packaging) HORLICKS BRANDING Horlicks is the name of a company and of a malted milk hot drink.It is fabricate by GlaxoSmithKline and it is available in the United Kingdom, South Africa, New Zealand, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Jamaica, and under licence in the Philippines and Malaysia. Horlicks has been the nearly leading brand leading and the nigh famous healthy food drink brand cross itinerarys the world and as well as in Bangladesh. ORIGIN Product Origin product of England (check this not sure). PACKING This gave GSK the thought of unifying the logo, packaging and designing across all the product categories of Horlicks.The new reckon and design have evolved from consumer research across the segments on with attributes of the brand. The elements in the new design are * The seethe on the packaging shows the activity of a person * The visual of milk and wheat shows the nourishing capabilities of Horlicks * risque and orange colours have been part of the Horlicks family for many years and strongly help to identify the brand * The new logo also plays a role in reinforcing the trust and equity of the brand among the consumers The packaging in a plastic jar instead of a glass bottle is a way to make the brand easier to handle and use.A uniform size and shape for all bottles would also help in reducing the costs of producing different sized bottles. Customer choice of Horlicks is higher than any other food drink. BOURN vita BRANDING Bournvita is the name of a brand of malted and chocolate malt drink and construct by Cadbury country of origin United kingdom UK. The brand has been an enduring symbol of mental and corporeal health ever sin ce it was launched. This layered with the great Cadbury chocolate taste has made the brand distinct from other offerings.It is hardly surprising then, that Bournvita enjoys a major presence in the Malt Food market. http//www. cadburyindia. com/in/en/brands/beverages/bournvita. aspx Most mothers would get a huge sense of relief on watching their child potation down a full glass of milk. But in reality, without Vitamin D, calcium is not fully sorb from milk. Earlier, sunlight was the major source of Vitamin D for children. But today, as their activities are mostly confined indoors, the periodical dosage of Vitamin D may not be fulfilled.The new and enhanced Cadbury Bournvita is specially enriched with Vitamin D, so you can depend on it to bring out the goodness of calcium in milk. Cadbury Bournvita, with the additional combination of vitamin C, iron and other essential vitamins and minerals helps multiply the power of milk. http//www. cadburybournvita. in/ Product Cadbury India Ltd launched Cadbury Bournvita, a chocolate health drink in 1947 in India. But even before launching its new health product in the Indian market, Bournvita was one of the most loved chocolate drinks around the world.Brown because its brown in colour & Vita because it has oodles of vitamins. Bournvita is all about. a nutritional drink which acts as a dietary supplement providing nourishment along with good taste & flavors. For todays kids who detest milk in its pure state unless flavored, this is an perfect drink. It has its own unique flavor, and the taste is rich and full-bodied. So easy to prepare, just instant mix it into your milk. Even a child can manage this for himself when he is in a hurry to run off to playMany children I have known just scoop up a spoonful of Bournvita fine granules into their mouth and crunch away happilygoes to prove its taste bud friendly note value for kids. Ingredients Malt extracts, sugar, cocoa powder, milk solids, liquid glucose, vitamins, Bourn V itaas nutritional facts 1) Gives protein. 2) Provides Vitamin A, Vitamin C & Vitamin B12. 3) Contains Calcium, Iron & Folic Acid. 4) It also provides our body with Niacin, pyridoxine, Riboflavin, & Thiamin which is very essential for the proper working of our nervous system.Price Normally, price is the most central element in deciding the fate of any product. While purchasing any health drinks however, a housewife or a mother who is the ultimate buyer gives price secondary importance. She will cautiously study the taste & nutritive values in the health drinks. I agree that Bournvita is one of the most expensive health drinks in the market (Rs. 101 for 500gms) but still due to its good taste & great nutritive values it has captured the majority of the market. Target MarketBrown HFDas target listening has always been kids who are in the age group of 7-15. Why a HFD targets audience in this age group? The answer to this is very simple. Most of the children in this age group have casu al eating habits and milk is like a curse for them. This is were a HFD comes into picture the work ofA HFD is not only to add flavor to the milk but also act as supplement whichA can add nutrition to their child. The other advantage of having this segment as target market is HFD are mostly taken with milk http//mgmtfunda. com/marketing-mix-4ps-for-cadbury-bournvita/