Nike Financial Statement

NIKE, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME Year Ended May 31, 2001 2000 1999 (in millions, except per share data) RevenuesIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Costs and expenses:Cost of sales IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Selling and administrative IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Interest expense (Notes 4 and 5) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Other income/expense, net (Notes 1, 10 and 11) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Restructuring charge, net (Note 13)IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Total costs and expenses IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Income before income taxes IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Income taxes (Note 6) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Net income IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Basic earnings per common share (Notes 1 and 9) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Diluted earnings per common share (Notes 1 and 9)IIIIIIIIIIIIIII $9,488. 8 $8,995. 1 $8,776. 9 5,784. 9 2,689. 7 58. 7 34. 2 (. 1) 8,567. 4 921. 4 331. 7 $ 589. 7 $ 2. 18 $ 2. 16 5,403. 8 2,606. 4 45. 0 23. 2 (2. 5) 8,075. 9 919. 2 340. 1 $ 579. 1 $ 2. 10 $ 2. 07 5,493. 5 2,426. 6 44. 1 21. 5 45. 1 8,030. 8 746. 1 294. 7 $ 451. 4 $ 1. 59 $ 1. 57 The accompanying notes to consolidated Nnancial statements are an integral part of this statement. 24 NIKE, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS ASSETS May 31, 2001 2000 (in millions) Current Assets: Cash and equivalents IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $72. 1 and $65. IIII Inventories (Note 2) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Deferred income taxes (Notes 1 and 6) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Prepaid expenses (Note 1) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Total current assets IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 3)IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IdentiNable intangible assets and goodwill, net (Note 1) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Deferred income tax es and other assets (Notes 1 and 6)IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Total assets IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII $ 304. 0 1,621. 4 1,424. 1 113. 3 162. 5 3,625. 3 1,618. 8 397. 3 178. 2 $5,819. 6 $ 254. 3 1,569. 4 1,446. 0 111. 5 215. 2 3,596. 4 1,583. 4 410. 9 266. 2 $5,856. 9 $ $ 0. 2 2. 6 459. 4 (9. 9) (152. 1) 3,194. 3 3,494. 5 $5,819. 6 0. 2 2. 6 369. 0 (11. 7) (111. 1) 2,887. 0 3,136. 0 $5,856. 9 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current Liabilities:Current portion of long-term debt (Note 5) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Notes payable (Note 4) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Accounts payable (Note 4) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Accrued liabilities IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Income taxes payable IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Total current liabilities IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Long-term debt (Notes 5 and 14)IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Deferred inc ome taxes and other liabilities (Notes 1 and 6) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Commitments and contingencies (Notes 12 and 15) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Redeemable Preferred Stock (Note 7) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Shareholders' Equity: Common Stock at stated value (Note 8): Class A convertible I 99. 1 and 99. shares outstandingIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Class B I 169. 5 and 170. 4 shares outstandingIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Capital in excess of stated value IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Unearned stock compensation IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Accumulated other comprehensive incomeIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Retained earningsIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Total shareholders' equity IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Total liabilities and shareholders' equity IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 5. 4 855. 3 432. 0 472. 1 21. 9 1,786. 7 435. 9 102. 2 I 0. 3 50. 1 924. 2 543. 8 621. 9 I 2,140. 0 470. 3 110. 3 I 0. 3The accompany ing notes to consolidated Nnancial statements are an integral part of this statement. 25 NIKE, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 2001 Cash provided (used) by operations: Net income IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Income charges not aAecting cash: DepreciationIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Non-cash portion of restructuring chargeIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Deferred income taxes IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Amortization and other IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Income tax beneNt from exercise of stock options IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Changes in certain working capital components: Increase) decrease in accounts receivable IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII (Increase) decrease in inventories IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Decrease in other current assets and income taxes receivableIIIIIIII (Decrease) increase in accounts payable, accrued liabilities and income taxes payable IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Cash provided by operati ons IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Cash provided (used) by investing activities: Additions to property, plant and equipmentIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Disposals of property, plant and equipment IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Increase in other assets IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Increase in other liabilitiesIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Cash used by investing activitiesIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Cash provided (used) by Nnancing activities:Reductions in long-term debt including current portionIIIIIIIIIIIIIII (Decrease) increase in notes payable IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Proceeds from exercise of stock options IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Repurchase of stock IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Dividends I common and preferredIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Cash used by Nnancing activities IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII EAect of exchange rate changes on cash IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Net increase in cash and equivalents IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Ca sh and equivalents, beginning of year IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Cash and equivalents, end of yearIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Supplemental disclosure of cash Oow information: Cash paid during the year for: Interest IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Income taxes IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Non-cash investing and Nnancing activity:Assumption of long-term debt to acquire property, plant and equipment III Year Ended May 31, 2000 (in millions) 1999 $ 589. 7 $ 579. 1 $ 451. 4 197. 4 I 79. 8 16. 7 32. 4 188. 0 I 36. 8 35. 6 14. 9 198. 2 28. 0 37. 9 30. 6 33. 4 (141. 4) (16. 7) 78. 0 (82. 6) (311. 8) 61. 2 114. 4 214. 4 24. 2 (179. 4) 656. 5 178. 4 699. 6 (191. 1) 941. 4 (317. 6) 12. 7 (42. 5) 5. 1 (342. 3) (419. 9) 25. 3 (51. 3) 5. 9 (440. 0) (384. 1) 27. 2 (60. 8) 1. 2 (416. 5) (50. 3) (68. 9) 56. 0 (157. 0) (129. 7) (349. 9) 85. 4 49. 7 254. 3 $ 304. 0 (1. 7) 505. 1 23. 9 (646. 3) (133. 1) (252. 1) 48. 7 56. 2 198. 1 $ 254. 3 (1. 5) (61. 0) 54. 4 (299. 8) (136. 2) (444. 1) 8. 7 89. 5 108. 6 $ 198. 1 $ $ $ 68. 5 173. 1I 45. 0 221. 1 47. 1 231. 9 $ 108. 9 The accompanying notes to consolidated Nnancial statements are an integral part of this statement. 26 I NIKE, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Common Stock Class A Class B Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance at May 31, 1998 IIIIIIIIIIIII Stock options exercised IIIIIIIIIIIIIII Conversion to Class B Common Stock II Repurchase of Class B Common StockII Dividends on Common Stock IIIIIIIIII Comprehensive income: Net income IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Foreign currency translation (net of tax expense of $0. 4)IIIIIIIIIIIIII Comprehensive income IIIIIIIIIIIIIII Balance at May 31, 1999 IIIIIIIIIIIIIStock options exercised IIIIIIIIIIIIIII Conversion to Class B Common Stock II Repurchase of Class B Common StockII Dividends on Common stock IIIIIIIIII Issuance of shares to employees IIIIIIII Amortization of unearned compensation IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Comprehensive income: Net income IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Foreign currency translation (net of tax expense of $1. 2)IIIIIIIIIIIIII Comprehensive income IIIIIIIIIIIIIII Balance at May 31, 2000 IIIIIIIIIIIII Stock options exercised IIIIIIIIIIIIIII Conversion to Class B Common Stock II Repurchase of Class B Common StockII Dividends on Common Stock IIIIIIIIII Issuance of shares to employees IIIIIIIIAmortization of unearned compensation IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Forfeiture of shares from employees IIII Comprehensive income: Net income IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Foreign currency translation and other (net of tax beneNt of $0. 2) IIIIIIII Comprehensive income IIIIIIIIIIIIIII Balance at May 31, 2001 IIIIIIIIIIIII 101. 5 $0. 2 (0. 8) 185. 5 2. 7 0. 8 (7. 4) $ 2. 7 Capital in Excess of Unearned Stated Stock Value Compensation (in millions) $262. 5 80. 5 $ I Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Retained Earnings $ (47. 2) $3,043. 4 $3,261. 6 80. 5 0. 2 (1. 5) 181. 6 1. 3 1. 5 (14. 5) 2. 7 334. 1 38. 7 (0. 1) (292 . 7) (135. 6) (17. 3) 0. 5 13. 5 I (21. ) (21. 7) (68. 9) (301. 6) (135. 6) 451. 4 100. 7 (8. 9) Total 451. 4 451. 4 3,066. 5 (627. 1) (131. 5) (13. 5) 1. 8 0. 2 (0. 1) 170. 4 2. 9 0. 1 (4. 0) 2. 6 369. 0 91. 0 (11. 7) (42. 2) (42. 2) (111. 1) (4. 8) 0. 1 6. 7 (6. 7) (2. 5) 7. 3 1. 2 (42. 2) 536. 9 3,136. 0 91. 0 I (152. 2) (157. 0) (129. 6) (129. 6) I (0. 6) $0. 2 169. 5 $ 2. 6 $459. 4 $ (9. 9) (41. 0) (41. 0) $(152. 1) 589. 7 $3,194. 3 The accompanying notes to consolidated Nnancial statements are an integral part of this statement. 27 579. 1 579. 1 2,887. 0 589. 7 99. 1 (644. 5) (131. 5) I 1. 8 579. 1 99. 2 (21. 7) 429. 7 3,334. 6 38. 7 7. 3 (1. 9) 589. 7 (41. 0) 548. 7 $3,494. 5

Holographics and Virtual Reality

HOLOGRAPHICS AND VIRTUAL REALITY Major KVP Dhammika M. Phill(Electronic and Telecommunication)Engineering Mid Career Course -45 Military College of Signal Rawalpindi – Pakistan Nov 2011 CONTENT 1. Introduction 2. Aim 3. History and Background 4. Important Concepts 5. Type of Virtual Reality Systems 6. Few Virtual Reality Techniques that Actually Work at Present 7. The Extreme Future of Virtual Reality 8. Conclusion INTRODUCTION What is real? How do you define real? If you're talking about what you can hear, what you can smell, taste and feel, then real is simply electrical signals interpreted by your brain. Morpheus (The Matrix) 1. It was my own belief next coming decade word virtual will be a very common to everyone since we all living in margin of real world and virtual world (Kind of dream world). When I started my high school studies in mathematics concept of imaginary numbers make me so confused but thought of its real existence me more confused. When I looked through a m irror I always thought imaginary world which was explained to me in complex numbers are exist inside the world that I am observing through a mirror. 2.When I was a kid TV show â€Å"Star Trek† and â€Å"Blake’s 7† induced my desire to study about Teleportation  (term that refers to a number of theories and notions concerning the transfer of  matter  from one point to another without traversing the physical space between them, similar to the concept  Ã¢â‚¬Å"apport†, an earlier word used in the context of spiritualism). Figure 1 Star Trek Teleportation Further my desire to learn concepts of Holography and Virtual Reality (VR) was stimulated due to two popular movies â€Å"Total Recall† and â€Å"Matrix†. . To day scientist had found that everything we experience in life can be reduced to electrical activity stimulating our brains as our sensory organs deliver information about the external world. This interpretation is what we consider to be â€Å"reality. † In this sense, the brain is reality. Everything you see, hear, feel, taste and smell is an interpretation of what's outside, and created entirely inside your head. We tend to believe that this interpretation matches very closely to the external world.Nothing could be further from the truth. 4. It is the brain that â€Å"sees†, and in some important ways what it sees does not reflect the information it derives from sensory input. For this reason, we are all living in our own reality simulations – abstractions – that we construct as a result of both what we perceive with our senses and how our brains modify this perception. Such things as color, smell and taste, for example are not properties of the outside world itself, but rather a category created by the process of perception.In order to experience the world in a meaningful way, the brain must act as a filter/interference between us and the â€Å"real† world. 5. Words have a lways been a crude method of relaying intent. VR holds out the promise of allowing us to literally show one another what we mean rather than merely describing it with crude verbal approximations. The limitation of words is that the meaning they convey is only as detailed as the definitions the reader or listener attaches to them.For this reason VR offers the possibility of evolving our communication into a kind of telepathy, ultimately bridging the gap between our discrete imaginations. â€Å"This is what virtual reality holds out to us – the possibility of walking into the constructs of the imagination. † – Terence McKenna 6. VR is the ultimate medium of syntactical intent; the only way to figuratively â€Å"show† someone exactly what you mean is to literally show them. Words are exceptionally ineffective at conveying meaning, as they are a low-bandwidth, lossy medium of knowledge transference.VR will let us remove the ambiguity that is the discrepancy b etween our internal dictionaries and bypass communication through symbolism altogether. The result will be perfect understanding, as all parties behold the same information. 7. Holography  is a technique that allows the  light  scattered from an object to be recorded and later reconstructed so that when an imaging system (a camera or an eye) is placed in the reconstructed beam, an image of the object will be seen even when the object is no longer present.The image changes as the position and orientation of the viewing system changes in exactly the same way as if the object were still present, thus making the image appear  three-dimensional. 8. Virtual reality is an artificial environment that is created with software and presented to the user in such a way that the user suspends belief and accepts it as a real environment. On a computer, virtual reality is primarily experienced through two of the five senses: sight and sound. Today its go beyond and planning to experience in all five senses. 9.The simplest form of virtual reality is a  3-D  image that can be explored interactively at a personal computer, usually by manipulating keys or the mouse so that the content of the image moves in some direction or zooms in or out. More sophisticated efforts involve such approaches as wrap-around display screens, actual rooms augmented with wearable computers, and  haptics (  tactile feedback  technology that takes advantage of a user's sense of touch by applying forces,  vibrations, or motions to the user)  devices that let you feel the display images. 0. Today we are in a world where human being reached their new electronic telecommunication advancement to practically feasible of projecting holographic images, virtual reality games and Telepresence (refers to a set of  technologies  which allow a person to feel as if they were present, to give the appearance of being present, or to have an effect, via  tele-robotics, at a place other than th eir true location). 11. These two field application can be expected in almost all the fields. Specially military, education, business and entertainment. AIM 12.Aim of this research work is to acquaint student officers immerging new two technologies, holography and virtual reality. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND 13. In mid 1950s visionary cinematographer Morton H Eilig built a single user console called â€Å"Sensorama† that included a stereoscopic display, fans, or emitters, stereo speakers and a moving chair. This enabled the user watch television in three dimensional ways. 14. In 1961, Philco Corporation engineers developed the first HMD known as the â€Å"Headsight†. The helmet consisted of a video screen along with a tracking system. Then they linked to a closed circuit camera system.Then somewhat similar HMD was used for helicopter pilots. While flying in the dark these were of great help. 15. In 1965, a computer scientist named Ivan Sutherland envisioned what he called t he â€Å"Ultimate Display. † After using this display a person imagines the virtual world very similar to the real world. During 1966, an HMD was built by Sutherland, which was tethered to a computer system. The thought of virtual reality has been around since 1965, when Ivan Sutherland expressed his ideas of creating virtual or imaginary worlds. At MIT, he conducted experiments with three dimensional displays.In 1969, he developed the first system to surround people in three dimensional displays of information. Between the '70's and late '80's, the concept of virtual reality was mainly used by the United States. The military used it as flight simulators to train pilots. The other countries in the world did not show any interest in this technology until the late 1980's. Since then, virtual reality has developed in many ways to become an emerging technology of our time. 16. To my own thought we experiencing some kind of virtual reality in our own dreams. When you are in deep s leep you see dreams that you may feel it real.Day dreams also plays very vital role, all form of these dreams help to create great sciences, fictions and all form of arts. In virtual reality technology we are trying to create dream world in real life where we won’t be able to identify margin between real world and virtual world. In other way round optical illusions we experiencing like mirage and rainbows also like holographic projection humans are about to experience. 17. Holography was discovered by the British-Hungarian scientist Dennis Gabor in 1947, though its full potential waited it seems, on the birth of the laser, 1963.Holography is defined as  the process of wavefront reconstruction. In considering one of the several methods of constructing a hologram, the principles we require for understanding the process are simple. IMPORTANT CONCEPTS 18. The concepts behind virtual reality are based upon theories about a long held human desire to escape the boundaries of the à ¢â‚¬Ëœreal world’ by embracing cyberspace. Once there we can interact with this virtual environment in a more naturalistic manner which will generate new forms of human-machine interaction (HMI).The aim is to move beyond standard forms of interaction such as the keyboard and mouse which most people work with on a daily basis. This is seen as an unnatural way of working which forces people to adapt to the demands of the technology rather than the other way around. But a virtual environment does the opposite. It allows someone to fully immerse themselves in a highly visual world which they explore by means of their senses. This natural form of interaction within this world often results in new forms of communication and understanding. 19.The experience of a virtual world mimics that of a real world scenario but often without many of its constraints. Virtual reality enables allows someone to do the following: a. Walk around a three-dimensional building b. Perform a virtual opera tion. c. Play a multi-user game. d. Take part in a theatre of war. e. Interact with an artwork. Plus the fact that they can do this in a 3D environment means that they replicate an experience similar to that in the real world but without many of the dangers. This is preferable to trying to simulate these experiences in a two-dimensional setting, e. g. a computer desktop. 0. Virtual reality also acts as a problem solving device in that it enables us to explore various options as a means of finding an answer to a problem. For example, an engineering company will use virtual reality to produce a prototype which is then tested and the results fed back to the design team. The advantage of this is that it enables the designers to make alterations to their design but at far less time and cost. This is a preferred option to building a physical prototype which is expensive to build and make changes to: especially if it undergoes several alterations as part of the design process.Holography Co ncept. 21. Holography is an image registered with use of coherent laser light. It allows preserving the 3-D information of a holographed subject. With a single source of white light, the image is â€Å"played back† and appears in 3-D exactly as it was registered in the studio. Image can project deep inside, or â€Å"stick† out of the picture. Virtually impossible to copy and displaying unique visual effects, they present themselves as an unbeatable security solution for brand protection and brand promotion. 22. The Holography is based upon Nobel Prize winner Dennis Gabor's theory concerning interference patterns.Gabor theorized in 1947 that each crest of the wave pattern contains the whole information of its original source, and that this information could be stored on film and reproduced. This is why it is called a Holography. 23. Holography is the only visual recording and playback process that can record our three-dimensional world on a two-dimensional recording med ium and playback the original object or scene, to the unaided eyes, as a three dimensional image. The image demonstrates complete parallax and depth-of-field.The image floats in space either behind, in front of, or straddling the recording medium The Universe as a Holography 24. In 1982 a remarkable event took place. Aspect and his team discovered that under certain circumstances subatomic particles such as electrons are able to instantaneously communicate with each other regardless of the distance separating them. University of London physicist David Bohm, for example, believes Aspect's findings imply that objective reality does not exist, that despite its apparent solidity the universe is at heart a phantasm, a gigantic and splendidly detailed Holography.To understand why Bohm makes this startling assertion, one must first understand a little about Holographys. A Holography is a three- dimensional photograph made with the aid of a laser. To make a Holography, the object to be phot ographed is first bathed in the light of a laser beam. When the film is developed, it looks like a meaningless swirl of light and dark lines. But as soon as the developed film is illuminated by another laser beam, a three-dimensional image of the original object appears. 24.If a Holography of a rose is cut in half and then illuminated by a laser, each half will still be found to contain the entire image of the rose. Indeed, even if the halves are divided again, each snippet of film will always be found to contain a smaller but intact version of the original image. Unlike normal photographs, every part of a Holography contains all the information possessed by the whole. 25. This insight suggested to Bohm another way of understanding Aspect's discovery. Imagine an aquarium containing a fish. This, says Bohm, is precisely what is going on between the subatomic particles in Aspect's experiment. 6. According to Bohm, the apparent faster-than-light connection between subatomic particles i s really telling us that there is a deeper level of reality we are not privy to, a more complex dimension beyond our own that is analogous to the aquarium. And, he adds, we view objects such as subatomic particles as separate from one another because we are seeing only a portion of their reality. Such particles are not separate â€Å"parts†, but facets of a deeper and more underlying unity that is ultimately as holographic and indivisible as the previously mentioned rose.And since everything in physical reality is comprised of these â€Å"eidolons†, the universe is itself a projection, a Holography. In addition to its phantomlike nature, such a universe would possess other rather startling features. If the apparent separateness of subatomic particles is illusory, it means that at a deeper level of reality all things in the universe are infinitely interconnected. 27. In a holographic universe, even time and space could no longer be viewed as fundamentals. What else the superHolography contains is an open-ended question.Bohm is not the only researcher who has found evidence that the universe is a Holography. Working independently in the field of brain research, Standford neurophysiologist Karl Pribram has also become persuaded of the holographic nature of reality. 28. Pribram was drawn to the holographic model by the puzzle of how and where memories are stored in the brain. In a series of landmark experiments in the 1920s, brain scientist Karl Lashley found that no matter what portion of a rat's brain he removed he was unable to radicate its memory of how to perform complex tasks it had learned prior to surgery. Then in the 1960s Pribram encountered the concept of holography and realized he had found the explanation brain scientists had been looking for. Pribram believes memories are encoded not in neurons, or small groupings of neurons, but in patterns of nerve impulses that crisscross the entire brain in the same way that patterns of laser light interference crisscross the entire area of a piece of film containing a holographic image. In other words, Pribram believes the brain is itself a Holography. 9. Pribram's theory also explains how the human brain can store so many memories in so little space. It has been estimated that the human brain has the capacity to memorize something on the order of 10 billion bits of information during the average human lifetime (or roughly the same amount of information contained in five sets of the Encyclopaedia Britannica). 30. Our uncanny ability to quickly retrieve whatever information we need from the enormous store of our memories becomes more understandable if the brain functions according to holographic principles.Because every portion of a Holography is infinitely interconnected with ever other portion, it is perhaps nature's supreme example of a cross-correlated system. 31. The storage of memory is not the only neurophysiological puzzle that becomes more tractable in light of Pribra m's holographic model of the brain. Another is how the brain is able to translate the avalanche of frequencies it receives via the senses (light frequencies, sound frequencies, and so on) into the concrete world of our perceptions.Encoding and decoding frequencies is precisely what a Holography does best. Just as a Holography functions as a sort of lens, a translating device able to convert an apparently meaningless blur of frequencies into a coherent image, Pribram believes the brain also comprises a lens and uses holographic principles to mathematically convert the frequencies it receives through he senses into the inner world of our perceptions. 32. An impressive body of evidence suggests that the brain uses holographic principles to perform its operations.Argentinian-Italian researcher Hugo Zucarelli recently extended the holographic model into the world of acoustic phenomena. Puzzled by the fact that humans can locate the source of sounds without moving their heads, even if the y only possess hearing in one ear, Zucarelli discovered that holographic principles can explain this ability. Pribram's belief that our brains mathematically construct â€Å"hard† reality by relying on input from a frequency domain has also received a good deal of experimental support. 33.Researchers have discovered, for instance, that our visual systems are sensitive to sound frequencies, that our sense of smell is in part dependent on what are now called â€Å"osmic frequencies†, and that even the cells in our bodies are sensitive to a broad range of frequencies. For if the concreteness of the world is but a secondary reality and what is â€Å"there† is actually a holographic blur of frequencies, and if the brain is also a Holography and only selects some of the frequencies out of this blur and mathematically transforms them into sensory perceptions, what becomes of objective reality? 4. We are really â€Å"receivers† floating through a kaleidoscopic se a of frequency, and what we extract from this sea and transmogrify into physical reality is but one channel from many extracted out of the superHolography. 35. This striking new picture of reality, the synthesis of Bohm and Pribram's views, has come to be called the holographic paradigm, and although many scientists have greeted it with skepticism, it has galvanized others. A small but growing group of researchers believe it may be the most accurate model of reality science has arrived at thus far.Numerous researchers, including Bohm and Pribram, have noted that many para-psychological phenomena become much more understandable in terms of the holographic paradigm. 36. In a universe in which individual brains are actually indivisible portions of the greater Holography and everything is infinitely interconnected, telepathy may merely be the accessing of the holographic level. It is obviously much easier to understand how information can travel from the mind of individual ‘A' to that of individual ‘B' at a far distance point and helps to understand a number of unsolved puzzles in psychology.In particular, Grof feels the holographic paradigm offers a model for understanding many of the baffling phenomena experienced by individuals during altered states of consciousness. TYPES OF VR SYSTEMS 37. This section describes some of the common modes used in VR systems. a. Window on World Systems (WoW) Some systems use a conventional computer monitor to display the visual world. This sometimes called Desktop VR or a Window on a World (WoW). This concept traces its lineage back through the entire history of computer graphics.In 1965, Ivan Sutherland laid out a research program for computer graphics in a paper called â€Å"The Ultimate Display† that has driven the field for the past nearly thirty years. â€Å"One must look at a display screen,† he said, â€Å"as a window through which one beholds a virtual world. The challenge to computer graphics i s to make the picture in the window look real, sound real and the objects act real. † b. Video Mapping A variation of the WoW approach merges a video input of the user's silhouette with a 2D computer graphic. The user watches a monitor that shows his body's interaction with the world.Myron Kruger has been a champion of this form of VR since the late 60's. He has published two books on the subject: â€Å"Artificial Reality† and â€Å"Artificial Reality II†. At least one commercial system uses this approach, the Mandala system. This system is based on a Commodore Amiga with some added hardware and software. A version of the Mandala is used by the cable TV channel Nickelodeon for a game show (Nick Arcade) to put the contestants into what appears to be a large video game. c. Immersive Systems The ultimate VR systems completely immerse the user's personal viewpoint inside the virtual world.These â€Å"immersive† VR systems are often equipped with a Head Mounted Display (HMD). This is a helmet or a face mask that holds the visual and auditory displays. The helmet may be free ranging, tethered, or it might be attached to some sort of a boom armature. A nice variation of the immersive systems use multiple large projection displays to create a ‘Cave' or room in which the viewer(s) stand. An early implementation was called â€Å"The Closet Cathedral† for the ability to create the impression of an immense environment. within a small physical space.The Holodeck used in the television series â€Å"Star Trek: The Next Generation† is afar term extrapolation of this technology. d. Telepresence Telepresence is a variation on visualizing complete computer generated worlds. This a technology links remote sensors in the real world with the senses of a human operator. The remote sensors might be located on a robot, or they might be on the ends of WALDO like tools. Fire fighters use remotely operated vehicles to handle some dangerous c onditions. Surgeons are using very small instruments on cables to do surgery without cutting a major hole in their patients.The instruments have a small video camera at the business end. Robots equipped with telepresence systems have already changed the way deep sea and volcanic exploration is done. NASA plans to use telerobotics for space exploration. There is currently a joint US/Russian project researching telepresence for space rover exploration. e. Mixed Reality Merging the Telepresence and Virtual Reality systems gives the Mixed Reality or Seamless Simulation systems. Here the computer generated inputs are merged with telepresence inputs and/or the users view of the real world.A surgeon's view of a brain surgery is overlaid with images from earlier CAT scans and real-time ultrasound. A fighter pilot sees computer generated maps and data displays inside his fancy helmet visor or on cockpit displays. The phrase â€Å"fish tank virtual reality† was used to describe a Canad ian VR system reported in the 1993 InterCHI proceedings. It combines a stereoscopic monitor display using liquid crystal shutter glasses with a mechanical head tracker. The resulting system is superior to simple stereo-WoW systems due to the motion parallax effects introduced by the head tracker. What Is Virtual World? 39.Virtual worlds are three dimensional environments in which you can interact with others and create objects as part of that interaction. How do you do that? You appear as an avatar in the virtual world: an avatar is a virtual representation of you (a ‘virtual ego’) which can take on any shape or form as you so wish. 40. There are a range of virtual worlds to choose from which include fantasy, sport, historical and science fiction. Some are loosely based upon the real world but others such as fantasy worlds are as the name says: they are completely disconnected from the real world which is also part of their attraction.With virtual worlds, men appear as women and vice versa. Some people choose an animal as their alter ego. Whatever you choose the aim is to socially interact with other people in new and exciting ways. This all adds to the experience. You can communicate with another person using text, sound, graphical images and gesture. Some of the more advanced worlds allow you to use voice or touch. FEW VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGIES THAT ACTUALLY WORK AT PRESENT 41. So far, virtual reality has mostly  been a colossal disappointment. But VR has had its share of breakthroughs and innovative applications.Here are few VR technologies that work and that may yet point the way to truly successful virtual reality. a. Anxiety Therapy For years now, virtual environments have been used to  treat anxiety problems  with exposure therapy. Psychologists treat phobias and post traumatic stress disorder by exposing the patient to the thing that causes them anxiety and letting the anxiety dissipate on its own. But this proves difficult if you r stressor is a battlefield in Iraq. Enter virtual reality. Military psychologists use simulated Iraq war situations to treat soldiers.Other therapeutic VR uses include treating a fear of flying, fear of elevators, and even a â€Å"virtual nicotine craving† simulator for smoking addiction. b. VR Training Programs Virtual reality environments have also been used for training simulators. The earliest examples were flight simulators but VR training has expanded beyond just that. There are many modern military examples, including Iraqi cultural situations and battlefield simulators for soldiers. Other examples include counter-terrorism, para-trooping, welding, and mining training simulators. c.Multiplayer Online Gaming One result of virtual-reality research is the existence of entirely separate virtual worlds, inhabited entirely by the avatars of real world users. These worlds are sometimes referred to as massively multiplayer online games, and the  World of Warcraft  is the largest virtual gaming world in use now, with 11. 5 million subscribers. Another example is  Second Life. The world of Second Life can't really be classified as a game, since the goal seems really just to be to wander around and interact with people, much like the real world.There is even a  Second Life Shakespeare Company  that performs Shakespeare's works within Second Life. d. The Nintendo Wii Probably the most successful cousin of virtual reality on the market today is the Nintento Wii. The Wii owes its motion capture and intuitive interaction concepts to the virtual reality technologies of the past. The controller is basically a simplified version of the â€Å"virtual reality glove. † Both the Wiimote and the Wii Fit offer users another way of interacting with their virtual environment without having to wear any bulky equipment. e. Medical ProceduresModern medicine has also found many uses for virtual reality. Doctors can interact with virtual systems to practice p rocedures or to do tiny surgical procedures on a larger scale. Surgeons have also started using virtual â€Å"twins† of their patients, to practice for surgery before doing the actual procedure. f. Project Natal The latest entry in the virtual reality inspired gaming world is  Project Natal, a new piece of technology under development now for the Xbox. Project Natal proposes a new way of interacting with games, and indeed with computer systems in general.In their demo video, they propose a system that requires no keyboard and no controller, where a user's voice and motions serve as their method for interacting with the system. The demo video is impressive, but the technology has not been completed and released yet. When it does get released, however, virtual reality will take another giant step towards total immersion and common home usage. g. The Cave The term â€Å"CAVE† refers to any virtual reality system that uses multiple walls with multiple projectors to immer se users in a virtual world. The first CAVE was built in 1992 as a method of showing of scientific visualizations.Now, many universities have their own CAVE systems. The CAVE is used for visualizing data, for demonstrating 3D environments, and for virtually testing component parts of newly developed engineering projects. THE EXTREME FUTURE OF VIRTUAL REALITY 42. When it comes right down to it, having a physical body in a reality constrained by the limitations of the physical laws has many drawbacks. Our bodies are extremely fragile and can be damaged or killed in an instant if we are not careful, or are just plain unlucky. If anything goes wrong with a critical body part, the entire body could die.Our physical bodies are also deteriorated by aging. Either way, for now, if your body dies, your brain dies right along with it. Every human brain contains an immense wealth of information, memories, experiences and relationships. Every time a human brain dies, that incredible, unique weal th of knowledge dies with it, and is forever lost. The world is a dangerous place to inhabit in a fragile human body, and there are a lot of other problems that come with having a physical presence in a physical world. Using the bathroom, body odor, difficulty traveling, limitation of possibilities, just to name a few.Up to this point, we have had no alternative to life, besides death. Due to nanotechnology, there may come a time when people will actually have a choice between life in the â€Å"real world,† an existence inside a computer generated simulation, or death. Vertebrane – Enter The Matrix 43. â€Å"Vertebrane† is the term for a speculative brain-computer interface technology first proposed by Marshall Brain in the bookManna. The technology consists of a computer system packaged as a replacement for one of the upper cervical vertebra in the human spine. The Vertebrane system taps into all sensory and motor nerve bundles flowing to and from the brain.Ver tebrane allows for augmented reality or a complete disconnection of the brain from the biological body and subsequent electronic reconnection to a virtual body typically inhabiting a virtual world. It would be the â€Å"ultimate videogame controller. † 44. Everything you enjoy about the real world and your real body it will be possible to duplicate exactly in the virtual environment. It will also be possible to improve everything you enjoy, and make virtually (pun intended) anything that was once impossible, possible for you. 45. The Vertebrane system itself would consist of a diminutive, yet extremely powerful nanocomputer.Power would come from a small onboard fuel cell that uses blood glucose to generate electricity. The system would be installed by a robotic surgeon which would sever the spinal cord and reroute it into the Vertebrane. All sensory nerve pathways (optic, auditory etc. ) would be tapped into the system. In pass-through mode, the Vertebrane would act as if it was not there, and you would be able to function completely normally. In â€Å"game† mode, the vertebrane would disconnect your brain from your body and reconnect it to your virtual avatar. The Day You Discard Your Body: 46. Given the choice of being in your real body vs. our avatar, you will choose your avatar every time. Therefore, your biological body will become redundant and irrelevant. It will become possible to discard your body and have only your brain housed in a Brain Storage Facility, connected to a vertebrane-type computer. Here, along with thousands of other brains, your brain will be encased in a protective, liquid-filled life-support system chamber. This will eliminate all of the risks that come along with having a body. It will also greatly increase longevity by keeping the environmental conditions perpetually at ideal levels, and removing almost all risk factors of your previous life.Brain Storage Facilities will be maximum security, reinforced buildings, imp ervious to earthquakes, hurricanes, bombs, etc. Electronic Transcendence 47. Incredibly, it is possible to envision something even more radical than disembodied human brains connected to a simulated reality. The ultimate in virtual reality involves discarding not only your physical body, but also your physical brain. â€Å"Mind uploading,† â€Å"whole brain emulation,† or â€Å"mind transfer† is the theoretical process of transferring the essence of a biological brain into a computer system. There are several proposed techniques by which mind uploading could be achieved.Many mainstream research funders are not convinced of its feasibility; however some scientists do believe that this hypothetical and futuristic technology will one day become reality, so to speak. 48. Once uploaded, a mind would achieve immortality, existing as pure information, disassociated from the biological body and brain. The upload would be considered a form of artificial intelligence, som etimes referred to as an â€Å"infomorph† or â€Å"noomorph. † A digital mind could theoretically be backed up, copied, or restarted at various set points, raising interesting questions regarding individuality and identity. CONCLUSIONS If A Picture is worth a 1,000 words – How much is a Holographic Image worth these days? † 49. Holographic and Virtual Reality Technology has endless applications, as far as the human mind can imagine. These technologies are indeed available and getting more robust in abilities each year. Holographic and Virtual Reality Technologies are not just about art or business communication, they are about safety, security, education, planning and the strength of our civilization here and beyond. 50. From entertainment to data visualization we can see a bright future for Holographic Projection and the bending and manipulation of light.Those areas of society which most often bring about research and development funding in technology are present amongst the many potential applications for this science. It therefore stands to reason and makes common sense that Holographic Technologies and Spectral Imaging will become a very integral part of human societies and civilizations in the future. I am certain of that. The day people show there advertisements on clouds are very near. One fine day my son may ask from me (â€Å"ThaTha†) are you real or virtual.

Violence against Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Violence against Women - Essay Example Silko talks about the issue of violence against woman in a very candid manner. I partially agree with Silko that women should not label themselves as weak and dependant on others. They should learn to defend in case some stranger turns up and tries to abuse them sexually and physically. Women should equip themselves with a licensed gun or a small hidden knife which they can use if they are ever faced with such a situation. Also most of the time when women are alone or come across rapists or drunkards, they appear very much scared. By displaying fear, they give an open invitation to such people. According to Silko, women should stay adamant and courageous if faced by a suspicious stranger. They should not be wary of the bodily strength of such men rather they should be ready to retaliate with their weapon. Silko believes that government and police cannot protect every woman in the country because it simply is not possible (McQuade and Atwan). Therefore women should themselves be well prepared to handle such situations.I partially agree with Silko’s point of view however I disagree on the point that women should be given guns to protect themselves. Arms can weapons can never be a solution to any problem. If all the women are given the right to kill in the case of self-defense, a chaotic situation would be created. The problem lies in the upbringing of women. Women should be brought up by encouraging them to do things on their own and asking them to engage in activities that require courage.

Evidenced Based Medicine and the EMR Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evidenced Based Medicine and the EMR - Article Example Clancy (2013) points to the pharmaceutical drug approval process used in the West as one of the best examples of EBM utilized successfully. Although she makes a valid point of saying that increased direct healthcare spending makes very little impact, the monies spent on research and innovations such as Information Technology. With the average of over ten thousand medical studies at any one time in the US alone, the â€Å"evidence† part of EBM is growing sufficiently enough to make a difference. Even though it could be argued the US Government has a somewhat prejudiced attitude toward Health Information Technology (HIT), the NIH (2013) gives a refreshingly critical work on EBM. Of course, it highlights the strides the Department of Veterans’ Affairs in combining EBM and HIT. Yet the article states that HIT could be more successful if the VA had kept better clinical statistics concerning those research criteria such as smoking, cancer and patient obesity. Therefore, the answer concerning facilitation is that HIT and EBM should go hand in hand, especially considering the new technology available. The case of the forty five year old man with the prostate condition gives a very good scenario as to just how confusing the information technology and EHR system can actually be. The person himself would only visit three separate areas of the massive hospital complex (assumed to be admissions, the surgery suite, his room, and discharge and financials area). Yet his records would travel to an astonishing four different places, not including the test results, which travel to still another three places. The IT system seems to be efficient enough but one can quickly see how EHR is a big improvement over paper patient records, which have the chance of being misplaced in each of the different stops along the way. For instance, the

Impact of Management Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impact of Management Style - Essay Example A manager’s action can directly or indirectly affects guests’ dining experience. They can be listed below; Manager should initiate to design a code of ethics for his firm. Code of ethics to a business means the set of principles and concepts that is designed to achieve the proposed objectives and goals by ensuring the collective effort of all employees, managers, and other individuals. It has great significance in the food and hospitality service too. The main focus of the code should be the requirements of community, law, employees and shareholders. As part of the ethical concern, the manager has to ensure the quality of products and services offered to the customers. Employees should be made convinced of the importance of their ethical compliance in order to acquire customer satisfaction. Legal compliance is one of the most important aspects of food and beverage operation. Managers need to ensure that their firms maintain the required legal standards especially on quality of food, service, and sanitation (Jones P. & Merricks P, 1994, p.164). Commitment to legal compliance would force employees to adhere to the manager’s instructions; and it will indirectly enhance customer satisfaction. Manager has to heed his/her genuine attention to employ selection process. Effective workforce is the asset of every business organization. While recruiting employees to food and beverage service, candidates with academic background on hospitality management have to be given priority. Potential candidates from the required quality area will ease manager’s effort to operate the business. In addition to selection, they should be given adequate training on their assigned duties. Manager needs to evaluate the performance of his employees frequently and reassign their roles if necessary. It not only improves employees’ level of performance but also enhances the customer’s dining experience. If a manager is not bothered how

Siaffing for a telecommunting job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Siaffing for a telecommunting job - Essay Example The main reason for recommending this method is that conducting interviews with the former incumbent, and their immediate supervisor, will help capture the important details related to the job descriptions and specifications. In addition, interviews with specialists in the public relations sector will be crucial to help capture any details that the outgoing office holder and the supervisors might fail to indicate. Furthermore, interviews with specialists in telecommuting will also be crucial to help provide information that the company will use to realign this new role. It is important to note that, this method would still be applicable in analyzing a job in the traditional office environment since the same details are crucial apart from those related to telecommuting. In effect, the same analysis method will be applicable apart from conducting interviews with a telecommuting specialist. The best procedure to use in recruiting and hiring a telecommuter for the company will be through hiring of a telecommuter from within the company. In this regard, this method is the most appropriate since the company will avoid the problems related to insufficient socialization. In addition, it is important to ensure that the telecommuter hired is trustworthy, of which it will be a challenge to prove trustworthy once hiring was from outside the company. Beyond the value congruence and appropriate skills for the job, and trustworthiness, it is important to investigate other important characteristics important for telecommuting. In this regard, these characteristics incorporate the capability to work independent of express supervision, self-motivation, confidence, and an individual with crucial managerial skills (Schilling, 1999). In is only through hiring within the company that this is achievable. On the other hand, if the job was not of a telecommuting nature, this procedure of hi ring and recruitment could be applicable since the same features are required in a

Family Violence across the Lifespan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family Violence across the Lifespan - Essay Example My reading of this chapter has benefited me a lot. I have learned that ethnic minorities should be treated with care to avoid oppressing them. Professionally, this knowledge will help me interact well with such people. Such activities will promote the ethnic diversity in various communities. In the same token, the knowledge will assist in providing professional support to women who go through battering in their homes. Most importantly, I will comfortably offer assistance to my battered sister who is suffering in her marriage in a foreign country. The discussion on domestic violence is grave to the world as it will provide guidelines for the formulation of appropriate legislations to protect women from issues of forced early marriages, rape, and domestic violence among other atrocities women are subjected to by males in the communities. The chapter depicts that family violence affects all professions across the board. It will also serve to enlighten both men and women of the c role women play in our societies. Lawmakers will apply this research to enhance the place of a girl child in the society as well as defend the rights of the homosexuals to salvage them from the aggression of the majority who demean them because of their sexual orientations. In the recent past, homosexuality and equality have elicited heated debates, activists calling for better treatment of such minorities in the communities. Additionally, the knowledge will help societies overcome the extremism we are experiencing today and the massive influx of homos exuals in the communities.

2- 527 abdul Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

2- 527 abdul - Assignment Example For instance, the ISO 9660 standard defines a file system used by CD-ROM media. ISO relies on eight guiding principles for the development of quality products and services, and they are important in improving professionals and other management staff (GCC Standardization Organization, 2014). First, ISO focuses on customers’ wants and customer service. Ideally, every business should relate to customers’ needs and aim at satisfying their needs, or exceeding customers’ expectations (GCC Standardization Organization, 2014). The benefits of this principle included increased profits, customer loyalty, and greater efficiency related to customer satisfaction. The second principle is collaboration of people. This principle states that a company is incomplete without staff and their talents and skills should contribute to the success of the company (GCC Standardization Organization, 2014). The principle promotes creativity and innovation in an organization, employees feel motivated when they use their skills thus, they maximize their abilities, and each employee is accountable for his or her actions. Process approach is the third principle. The principle defines the processes used in order to promote speed and efficacy of activities (GCC Standardization Organ ization, 2014). It is important since it reduces expenses, improves effectiveness of resources, and boosts the productivity of an organization (ISO, 2014). Another principle is leadership. An organization should have defined goals and employees should aim at achieving them. The primary benefit of this principle is employee involvement. Other principles include system approach to management, continuous improvement, logical-based approach, and beneficial supplier relations. ISO standards states that all these principles, aim at cost reduction, efficiency and increased productivity in an organization (GCC Standardization Organization, 2014). The ISO development process involves various

Organizational Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organizational Culture - Essay Example An initiative to innovate is not enough to make an organization innovative, on this basis; organizations must have certain characteristics that would encourage innovation. One such characteristic is having a clear mission, objective, aim and strategy. These organizations normally have a relevant and unique strategy that motivates their employees to be innovative. For example companies such as Google, Facebook, and Apple have a clear strategy, which are well communicated to their employees, and they relentlessly follow these strategies. For example, one of the strategies and aims of Apples is to create sleek and beautiful telecommunication technologies, which are easy to use . Looking at this vision and strategy, it is very clear what then objective of the company is, and employees of the organization will therefore strive hard, for purposes of developing high quality technology that satisfies this strategy. Another characteristic of these organizations is that they are market leaders on whatever business field that they engage in. This is because the companies under consideration use their innovative products for purposes of achieving the strategic goals of the organization. However, it is important to understand that market leadership does not always translate to being profitable. Take for example a company such as Amazon, which has always been innovative from the beginning, establishing standards that regulate the e-commerce. However, the company was able to become profitable after a considerable number of years.

Cloud Computing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cloud Computing - Research Paper Example The only requirements for a person to access the applications include a computer system and an internet connection. â€Å"As long as a computer has Internet access it will be able to use the application† (Cheow 2010). Categories of Cloud Computing Cloud computing falls into three major categories, which include utility computing, web services, and Software-as-a-Service. SaaS SaaS is the simplest way of computing because it is a single application. Cheow (2010) states, â€Å"Because there is only one application it is very easy for the company to maintain†. SaaS model helps companies save their expenses on buying hardware and software. This model also removes the maintenance costs of the computer systems and applications. â€Å"This type of cloud computing delivers a single application through the browser to thousands of customers using a multitenant architecture† (Knorr & Gruman, n.d.). Utility Computing If we talk about utility computing, we can say that it is, at present, a supplemental kind of computing because it is used for the fulfillment of such needs that are not very critical in nature. â€Å"Early enterprise adopters mainly use utility computing for supplemental, non-mission-critical needs, but one day, they may replace parts of the datacenter† (Knorr & Gruman, n.d.). Web Services The third type of cloud computing .i.e. ... Importance of Cloud Computing Unlike traditional business applications, cloud computing eliminates the issues of hardware and software failure for its users. In traditional settings, companies need to install, configure, test, and run every application on their own. However, with cloud computing, companies run their business processes in the form of clouds where they do not need to worry about any technical failure or information misuse. Using cloud-computing system, an industry can experience a considerable amount of workload shift because many of the tasks are performed online. Strickland (n.d.) states, â€Å"Local computers no longer have to do all the heavy lifting when it comes to running applications†. Disadvantages of Cloud Computing Along with a number of advantages of cloud computing, there also exist negative aspects of using cloud-computing services. Two of the drawbacks of cloud computing include security and privacy concerns and loss of control due to increased de pendency. Security is the biggest concern because users of cloud computing services usually do not feel safe while sending their private data to the cloud service providers. Moreover, increased dependency on cloud service providers is also a negative aspect of cloud computing. Companies Providing Cloud-Computing Services In traditional settings, companies need to design, configure, implement, and maintain the business applications. They need to hire experts who can perform the role of application development but with cloud computing, companies run their business processes in the form of clouds where they do not need to worry about any technical failure related to hardware and software. There exist some cloud-computing services providers, which provide management services, such

Affect and Open Shale Rock Essay Example for Free

Affect and Open Shale Rock Essay The past few days in class we have been learning about the process of fracking and how it is either harmful, or useful to our nation. There are numerous arguments for both sides that specify pros and cons for fracking and if fracking should be legal to operate. Fracking is known as hydraulic fracturing with the use of sand, water, and chemicals that are injected at high pressures to blast open shale rock and release the trapped gas inside. The process of fracking starts with drilling a hole deep in the earth’s surface until it reaches natural gas. From there they can start the operation and retrieve the natural gas. Oil and gas companies that use fracking state that it is very safe and does not harm the environment. On the other hand fracking has been reported to cause risks to air, land, water, wildlife, and communities by other sources, rather than the oil and gas companies. According to Josh Fox a journalist who directed â€Å"Gasland† a 2010 documentary found that fracking is making people sick, contaminating water, and affecting wildlife. Yes, fracking can have some positive aspects, but the cons out way the pros drastically. Fracking is bad for our environment and can harm many individuals near fracking sites, or affect their land, and animals. Therefore, regulations and safety should be improved for fracking to stop all the negative aspects from happening, or ban fracking as a whole. Families near fracking zones have terrible headaches and even very serious sicknesses ever since the fracking started. Fracking uses more than 596 chemicals which are released into the ground through a pipe. Drilling can intersect with underground water which would mix the 596 chemicals with that causing contaminated water. Households are affected by this because their water comes out multicolored ranging from musky grey to black. At some Houses Josh Fox visited they were able to set their water on fire. In the documentary he used a lot of emotional appeal to show how hard families are being affected by this tragic event, and shows how tough getting through a day is becoming without getting some type of sickness. Fracking also affects wildlife and land by contaminating water streams and the soil animals live on. In one scene of â€Å"Gasland† Josh Fox went to a ladies house where she had collected dead animals around her land. These animals were not present until the fracking started, and then after that they just started falling dead. There were other cases of people going into streams or even using their own house water that gave them sores, and harsh rashes throughout their body. In the documentary this showed a very effective way of getting people attention and underlining how important this is. In the other documentary â€Å"Fracknation† directed by Phelim McAleer he shows why fracking is important and how it is safe for our environment. The only positive aspect of fracking is it would help our nation out a ton with gas, lower prices drastically, and we would be the leading natural gas supplier in the world. This documentary didn’t really catch my attention that much because why would all these cases of sicknesses and contaminated water pop up right when fracking became big. If fracking became safe and didn’t harm anything in the environment then it would be the greatest idea ever invented. Coming up with new regulations to improve fracking and make it 100 percent safe would be the only reason I would accept the concept of fracking. As of right now fracking is very harmful to many, and the chemicals used are being released in the atmosphere, and in the soil which is contaminating many things and affecting the quality of the air. Fracking is not safe for anyone or anything located near a fracking zone.

Of mice and men Essay Example for Free

Of mice and men Essay Despite the warmth of the early morning sun gradually seeping through the cracks in the bunkhouse walls, it was cold within. George lay awake, he hadnt slept all night, suddenly the door swung open and Carlson steamed in, he glanced at George and shook his head. You plannin on jus lying there all day Carlson grabbed his jacket sum people get away with murder round `ere the door banged and silence followed. George lay still, he hadnt noticed Carlsons intrusion. The door squeaked open and Candy peered in, Slim you in he spotted George and frowned he stood for a moment pondering what to say, Eh George you ok? There was no reply; he looked down at his feet sighed and left. George glanced towards the closing door then rolled to face the wall and lay silent. George felt the sun warming his back and he tilted his head round towards the source. Slim appeared, his figure blocked the brightest most piercing rays but let the warmth and light trickle through. He glided in and sat gently beside George placing his hand on his shoulder the sheriff an his men have gone. Ya gave Lenny the best quality of life possible and it took a hell o a lot guts to do what you did, you know that dont ya? George nodded, his eyes heavy with water, thanks slim George whispered. Tightening his grip on Georges shoulder ya saved him, Slim said Comfortingly. Slim sat with George until the sound of grunting engines acted as alarm clocks. Now we gotta get you up for work or the boss ll give ya hell. George allowed himself to be helped up; he was still wearing yesterdays clothes lets get you all freshed up. No refused George itll do. The sun had begun its descent behind the Gabilan mountains. The sycamores swayed in the chilled wind and over the fields a dark shadow had engulfed the workers. You go to your wifes funeral Curley? asked Carlson. Nah, replied Curley Casually I had a hell of a lot o work. George struggled to hoist the last bag of grain onto the trailer, God dammit snapped Curley hurry the hell up. Slim eyed Curley angrily as he helped George with the burden of his heavy load. Back on the farm the workers were met with the smell of sizzling bacon. A lump of potatoes and a sliver of burnt bacon were slapped onto Georges plate. He nibbled the piece of bacon but it was bitter in his mouth and he returned it to his plate. Cmon George you gotta eat something, encouraged Slim. Im not hungry slim replied George his voice barely audible. if youre not gonna eat none then Ill `ave it, no pigs gonna die in vain `long as Im `ere Carlson declared scraping it all onto his plate. Dammit Carlson, a bit o respect the guys jus lost his buddy, said whit angrily. Ye, giv im back his grub. Ordered Smitty. But he aint even gonna eat it, are ya George? Carlson replied. Just then door opened. In stepped the boss wearing his usual smart attire, his face wore a troubled expression and he scanned the room his eyes resting briefly on George and finally fixing on Slim, Slim,when youre done, a word. His voice held in a concerned tone. The office was small square room, the sunlight glinted off the silver framed paintings which hung on the wall landing some light on the bookcase at the back of the room, the desk in front of it was perpendicular to the opposing wall centred by the mahogany coloured door and the paper work on the desk was organised into alphabetical files. Knock, knock, Cmon in Slim. Curleys bin tellin me bout Georges slackin in the field today, is that right? No sir his efforts jus fine, Listen slim, keep it like that, I cant afford to be payin people for nothing and Ive had a little talk with my good friend the sheriff I ast him to keep bad publicity bout the farm as small as he could an he tol me his evidence has matched our story and has stopped his sniffin around. Thats jus fine sir, is that all? No, jus one more thing, youve bin offered a job by Murray and Ready as head ranch hand, sure as hell the salary is higher than here. You can `ave tonight to think bout it I dont want ya to leave but I aint gonna force ya to stay, thats all Slim left the room and the boss buried his face in his hands. It was Saturday night and as the cheers of the men going into town grew fainter Candy lay on his bed listening to the howling wind. A tear trickled down his old wrinkled cheek. Wiping the tear with his stump he turned his gaze to the box which was almost concealed with shadow beneath Carlsons Bunk. Rigidly he sat up he picked up the box onto the bed sudden with tears. Candy lifted the gun and placed it to his head. Just then George walked in. The Gun slipped Bang Candy shot himself in the stomach startled George looked down at the pathetic Candy. What ya doin yaw crazy bastard, cried George Covering the wound with his shirt. Candy layback on his bed. You dont understand George theyre kickin me out, they got a new cleaner comin on Monday and theyre kickin me out. The boss says he cant afford to pay me for doin nothin. I argued, I said I aint doin nothing be he wudnt listen. Its Ok said George Im gonna get you a doc. That aint no use, Ill be a goner `for hes `ere. George buried his face in his hands. George? Ye, I wish Lenny was still here an we coulda had that farm. Me too Will ya sit with me George? Course. My dog, look its my dog. The old swampers eyes shut and his head dropped. He was dead. George sat for a minute, his face as hard as wood. From outside the barn came the shouts of the men and the clink of beer bottles. The door opened and slim walked in spotting Candy he runs towards him What the hell happened to him? The boss tol him he aint no use no more and he shot `imself George despaired I was jus too late. Its ok George it was for the best He didnt have to die like this, he couldve bin on the farm with me and Lenny. It aint your fault George, none of it is, you hear? George did not answer. Now Ill jus go tell the others an then well go an giv him a good burial. Minutes later Carlson strides in Jesus Christ George, you look like hell. It was Sunday morning and as the sun began its accent in the sky Slim made his way across a peaceful courtyard and into the bunkhouse, George I need a word Whats goin on? George, Im leavin, goin to soledad to work for Murray and Ready. what the hell am I sposed to do here with all them crazy bastards when your gone? I dont like it here no more, jus last night Curley came home drunk and hung crooks like a fish on a line, Im afraid if I dont leave now Ill do somethin Ill regret. I understand sighed George. Maybe some day Ill come back an visit, goodbye George. Some day, whispered George, some day.

Support Positive Outcomes For Children Children And Young People Essay

Support Positive Outcomes For Children Children And Young People Essay There are many different factors that will affect the lives of children and young people. One of these factors is Social, such as personal choice. This could make an impact on a childs life because parents may choose to live a certain way that varies from the norm. For example families with same sex parents. This could affect a childs social life and their education as other children might not see this as normal and they may not want to communicate and socialise with children living in this type of environment. An economic factor that could affect a childs life is poverty. This could impact a childs life as a family living on a low income might not be able to provide for their children as hoped. Accommodation may be poor which can have an effect on the mental and physical health of children and their parents. A cultural factor that could affect a childs life is religious beliefs and ethnic beliefs. Religious beliefs may exclude children from settings or mean that they attend specific settings. Ethnic beliefs could affect the dietary needs of children which could affect them at school and also the way they choose to dress according to religion, this could result in some children having to wear a headscarf for example. This could also affect them at school because they would look different from other children and it could cause a divide within the social groups of the classroom. This can result from low income, unemployment, parental separation, illness or disability, addictions. Children may suffer malnutrition or a poor diet as a result of their parents being unable to afford good quality food. This could result in lack of concentration or poor performance at school. They could also suffer other health related issues. They may be the subject of bullying as a result of their clothing or because they do not have the latest must have accessories. They will probably miss out on further education due to the costs involved, or as a result of the need to find employment to help support the family. One of the side effects of poverty is poor housing. People on low income are often depend on local authority housing. This may result in overcrowding, for example being housed in a home with insufficient bedrooms. This means the child has no privacy, or personal space. They may struggle with homework and course work because of the lack of a space in which to complete it . The housing provided may be of a poor quality suffering damp or be in disrepair. This could have a detrimental effect on the childs health causing asthma or frequent colds and coughs. It will probably be in a less desirable area or could be in an area with social disorder problems. This may result in the children becoming isolated, as their parents may be fearful of letting them out to play or they may themselves become involved in anti-social behaviour and criminal activities. Personal choices made as a child and young adult effect nearly every aspect of life. From education to family planning. Poor choices can lead to poverty and few opportunities, while good choices can open up a world of possibilities. Family experience as a child can very much play a role, but young adults are fully capable of taking responsibility for the life choices they make. Task 2 There are five positive outcomes that practitioners should be striving to achieve. These outcomes are: Be healthy Stay safe Enjoy and achieve Make a positive contribution Achieve economic well being It is important that children who are living in poverty have the same opportunities as their peers as they are less likely to achieve high grades at school. This could lead to unemployment later in life. The local authorities aim to develop services to support children and their families when they are living in poverty. It is important to design services for 16-18 year olds who are not in employment, training and education. If there are no services in place this could lead to unemployment later in life, teenage pregnancies and poor physical health. All these factors could lead to low income in the future Active participation is important for children and young people to make decisions that affect their own lives. It is important in any childcare setting that there is a great amount of resources provided in order to help children create their own play, in every childcare setting children should be involved in observations, this will help them to learn their own expectations of behaviour and the goals they should be achieving. To help improve services children and young peoples views should be taken into account to help them feel respected and valued when it comes to decision making. Every child is different and all have different needs and abilities, it is out job as a childcare practitioner to help and support children and young people in making personal choices and experiences. For example children ages 2-3 who are in nursery may become agitated easily and have tantrums when interacting with other children, this can be resolved by an adult teaching them how to share. Children ages 3-4 in pre-school may need support in making their own healthy choices regarding food and how to develop a positive attitude towards healthy eating. Children aged 5+ in primary school may need support in learning to keep themselves safe for example learning them how important it is not to talk to strangers ant the outcomes it may have if they do. Children in middle school aged 10-11 may need support as they approach puberty and also may need support in how to look after their own personal hygiene. Task 3 Some children and young people may have disabilities or certain needs which have to be taken into account when they are in a childcare setting. Children with disabilities have a wide range of impairments including hidden ones. A disability that could impact a childs life could be a hearing impairment. This could affect a child from learning in school and communicating with their peers and their childcare providers. This impairment could stop children from achieving their full potential in life and also affect their emotional well being. To help children with this impairment extra help could be provided in school for example a special needs teacher. The teacher could help the child to communicate in other ways such as sign language and using picture cards. With this help the child and their childcare provider can focus on what the child can achieve rather on what the child cant. This would help to make it a positive environment for the child to learn in and make it easier for them to meet their goals. It is important to have a positive attitude towards disability and specific requirements. In a childcare setting is it possible to reduce the impact of a disability to help the person to make their own choices and achieve to their full potential. Children should not be seen as having special needs as their needs are the same as every other child. It is possible for us to meet a childs needs in different ways if we recognise that they have specific requirements. As a childcare practitioner we should have positive attitudes towards providing the correct requirements for disabled children. We should be ready to learn new skills for example sign language as this can help us to communicate with a child who has an impairment and this could help the child to develop further. The medical model views a disability as something to be cured. There are many ways of adapting a disabled person to fit the non disabled world through medical intervention. When a medical label is placed on a disabled person they are often seen as their impairment rather than the individual. The social model is a constructive approach to disability. This model focuses our thoughts on addressing the impairments to help the person achieve their full potential. The social model has a different view on how the society should change for the disabled rather than the disabled changing for society. The support which a disabled child may need will be tailored to fit that child, this will depend on the impact their impairment has on their lives. For example a child with a hearing impairment may need to use hearing aids. A child born with a cleft palate may need speech and language therapy. A child with Downs syndrome may be given learning support in a specific setting. Task 4 Equality- opportunities to develop and learn, while the Childs physical and emotional safety and well being are protected Diversity- acknowledgement of and respect for the Childs individuality. Inclusion- access to appropriate settings and the experiences they offer for children. Promoting positive outcomes for children all depends on equality, diversity and inclusion. Positive images could promote this. You can provide a positive image of a wide range of people for example: black, female and the disabled can take on active and responsible roles in society, also males can take on caring and domestic roles. This helps children to develop a strong attitude about their own future. It gives them a positive idea on what they can achieve in life and the influence they can have in society no matter what their ethnicity, gender, cultural, social background or disability.

The Handmaids Tale as a Biblical Allusion Essay -- Handmaids Tale Es

The Handmaid's Tale: A Biblical Allusion Imagine a country where choice is not a choice. Â  One is labeled by their age and economical status. Â  The deep red cloaks, the blue embroidered dresses, and the pinstriped attire are all uniforms to define a person's standing in society. Â  To be judged, not by beauty or personality or talents, but by the ability to procreate instead. To not believe in the Puritan religion is certain death. Â  To read or write is to die. Â  This definition is found to be true in the book, The Handmaid's Tale (1986) by Margaret Atwood. Â  It is a heartbreaking story of one young woman and her transformation into the Gilead society, the society described above. In the book, we meet Offred, the narrator of the story. Â  This story is not the first to create a society in which the only two important beliefs in a society are the ability to procreate and a strict belief in God. Â  It is seen several times in the Old Testament, the Bible. Â  The Biblical society is not as rigid as the Republic o f Gilead, which Margaret Atwood has built, but it is very similar. Â  The Handmaid's Tale holds several biblical allusions. The first biblical allusion is that of the Republic of Gilead. Â  Gilead is mentioned several times in the Bible as a place of fertile lands. Â  The Bible states, "To the east [the Israelites] occupied the land. . . , because their livestock had increased in Gilead" (Numbers 32:1, NIV) and "The [tribes], who led very large herds and flocks, saw that the lands of Jazer and Gilead were suitable for livestock" (1 Chronicles 5:9, NIV). Â  The Biblical land of Gilead was a land of prospering livestock. Â  Families and tribes came to Gilead because of the land's lush, green and fertile soil. Â  The Republic of Gilead was also... ...n individual, but each person is noticed only by the clothing that they wear. Imagine a country where the husband is the head of the family, and no other members of the household hold any rights at all. Â  Imagine a country where reading and writing are crimes punishable by death. Â  One can imagine, but no one can comprehend the pain and suffering and emotional death that one must acquire to live in a society such as the Republic of Gilead. This story of the future may very well be a story of the past; a story based upon principles found in the Bible, but taken so literally and enforced so strictly that the country becomes a theocracy to hate. Bibliography Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid's Tale. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1986. The NIV Study Bible. Barker, Kenneth: General Editor. Grand Rapids, Michigan: The Zondervan Corporation, 1995

Free Essay on Shakespeare’s Sonnet 65 :: Shakespeare Sonnet 65

Here's Shakespeare's sonnet no. 65. I'm going to (a) space it out and (b) add in a running commentary that might be helpful to suggest the kinds of reactions one might have in reading it. Let me know if this helps. Since brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea "nor"="and not". A list . . . a slowly paced list. Of what sorts of things? what scope? what do they have in common?. . . Sentence is just beginning . . . But sad mortality o'er-sways their power, Ah . . . none of them last. And yet they sure seem strong and long-lasting. Is it true what he says? And anyway, so what? why mention this? Sentence not yet reached its main clause . . . How with this rage shall beauty hold a plea, Aha: here's the point: the sad pathetic vulnerability of "beauty". Very general though. Does he mean any particular beauty? "Hold a plea" is nice: a sort of legal image, no? Whose action is no stronger than a flower? Beauty doesn't have much going for it to oppose time. "Action" seems to continue the legal metaphor. The image gets more particular--"a flower"--though it's still relatively general. We're most conscious of the tone of the lamenting speaker, less so of any particular things he's naming. . . Poor pathetic beauty . . . Sentence has ended. Oh, how shall summer's honey breath hold out Against the wreckful siege of battering days, Fresh start: new sentence. Saying it again, more intensely. It's getting better, more specific. Lovely fresh sensuous appeal in "honey breath". Summer is a sweet-smelling person, a beloved presumably (you'd hardly enjoy smelling the sweet breath of anyone else). Its breath can hardly "hold out": wonder what that means? Last long enough? A singer sustaining a long note or phrase needs breath that will "hold out." And to "hold out against a siege" means to withstand a siege: so now the summer has turned into a besieged fortress or city. And the besieging enemy is using battering rams, and trying to wreck everything. Imagery: note that we're not totally visualizing summer as a person; it's a delicate suggestion that glides into the next image, that of the besieged town. And we don't visualize summer as a town, either. In fact "visualize" is too crude a term for what imagery this subtle does.

My Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay -- Education Teaching Teachers

My Teaching Philosophy Statement Education is defined as the lifelong process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and values through either formal means, such as schooling, or informal means, such as firsthand experiences or vicarious experiences gained through reading books or discussions. Every person that is or wants to be a teacher has his or her own educational philosophy. We all have our own views, methods, and curriculum that we were taught when growing up. A lot of people may have the same teachers in school, but all of them learn different things from that teacher. As of right now, wanting to be a teacher, I do not have a set philosophy. I do know that I want to teach physical education. Physical education, I think, is a very important part of a student’s curriculum. This helps the students to be more active and to learn about how to keep their body healthy and fit. I think that younger kids should have physical education class every other day or maybe even just two days a week. Older kids should only have physical education class one or two times a week because most of them have a lot of energy when it comes to doing active things. When it is time for them to leave and go back to their classroom they do not want to go. They would rather stay and play. Most people would disagree with me here but if you think about it, this way is better. All kids, young and old, get tired from physical activity. Younger kids you want to be tired, that way they will not be hyper in the classroom and run around causing trouble. Older kids, on the other hand, will try and sleep through class if they get tired. Unlike younger children, they know that they can try to sleep a little bit before getting c... ...before they take a quiz or something, but down the road, a couple of months later if you give them a pop quiz they probably cannot remember even half of the information. I know that this is true because I used to do this on the day that I would have a Spanish vocabulary quiz. I would sit in my first period class and try and memorize all of the words in the chapter. Most of the time it worked and I got good grades on my quizzes. Being a teacher, I think, is one of the best professions that a person can go into if they really love kids. People will say to you do not be a teacher because that is the worst job in the world. They are wrong. If they want to sit at a desk all day and do the same things day after day, then go right on ahead because I would rather be the one to try and put the children of our country on the right path to success.

Education for All Essay

Education is the topmost priority of the government of Pakistan Awami Tehreek. The literacy rate will be raised through adult education movement and by imparting formal and informal education within a period of 10 years through a great educational revolution. The first priority of the manifesto of Pakistan Awami Tehreek is education for all (EFA). The literacy rate will be raised up to 90% in the next 10 years. The educational system from the initial stage to the level of university will be changed in the next 10 years by enforcing the modern and developed educational system. In keeping with the new educational policy the teachers will be trained in order to enhance their competence to meet the demands of new trends in education. The educational activities based upon thinking and understanding will be started systematically from early education and primary level. The basic knowledge of ideology of Pakistan and Islamic studies will be incorporated in the curriculum at every level. The educational institutions and curriculum will be purged of every kind of sectarian, regional, linguistic and sectional biases and hatred. For the effective implementation of educational reforms educational devolution scheme will be enforced in the department of education. Efforts made for the spread of education in the private sector will be encouraged at every level. Information technology will be promoted at economic, educational and industrial levels. The proposed reforms will also be implemented in the seminaries to integrate them in the national mainstream. Respect for human rights, rule of law and philanthropist behaviour will be made part of the curriculum of every level. Primary education confirmation card (PECC) for children will be issued throughout the country. The number of the students will not be allowed to exceed by 30. For this purpose the double shift system will be started in the schools so that the students are able to get maximum individual attention of the teachers. A special educational fund will be set up for the higher education of the helpless and needy students. Traders, industrialists, rich citizens and people with good economic standing will contribute to this fund on the basis of proportion of their income. Our government will impose educational emergency throughout country to achieve 90% literacy rate under 10-year educational plan. According to this plan, new educational institutions of every level will come into being and double shift system will be introduced in the existing schools. Thus the number of educational institutions will double through the introduction of this system. A ‘National Education Force’ comprising of the jobless educated youth will be established for the availability of educational staff, which will organize efforts for the achievement of 90% literacy rate. All Pakistani schools, colleges, universities and research centers will be linked to the national industrial enterprises so that the theoretical and practical knowledge is harmonized. Volunteer scholarship schemes would be launched at national level for the education of the c PAT on FB Education is the topmost priority of the government of Pakistan Awami Tehreek. The literacy rate will be raised through adult education movement and by imparting formal and informal education within a period of 10 years through a great educational revolution. The first priority of the manifesto of Pakistan Awami Tehreek is education for all (EFA). The literacy rate will be raised up to 90% in the next 10 years. The educational system from the initial stage to the level of university will be changed in the next 10 years by enforcing the modern and developed educational system. In keeping with the new educational policy the teachers will be trained in order to enhance their competence to meet the demands of new trends in education. The educational activities based upon thinking and understanding will be started systematically from early education and primary level. The basic knowledge of ideology of Pakistan and Islamic studies will be incorporated in the curriculum at every level. The educational institutions and curriculum will be purged of every kind of sectarian, regional, linguistic and sectional biases and hatred. For the effective implementation of educational reforms educational devolution scheme will be enforced in the department of education. Efforts made for the spread of education in the private sector will be encouraged at every level. Information technology will be promoted at economic, educational and industrial levels. The proposed reforms will also be implemented in the seminaries to integrate them in the national mainstream. Respect for human rights, rule of law and philanthropist behaviour will be made part of the curriculum of every level. Primary education confirmation card (PECC) for children will be issued throughout the country. The number of the students will not be allowed to exceed by 30. For this purpose the double shift system will be started in the schools so that the students are able to get maximum individual attention of the teachers. A special educational fund will be set up for the higher education of the helpless and needy students. Traders, industrialists, rich citizens and people with good economic standing will contribute to this fund on the basis of proportion of their income. Our government will impose educational emergency throughout country to achieve 90% literacy rate under 10-year educational plan. According to this plan, new educational institutions of every level will come into being and double shift system will be introduced in the existing schools. Thus the number of educational institutions will double through the introduction of this system. A ‘National Education Force’ comprising of the jobless educated youth will be established for the availability of educational staff, which will organize efforts for the achievement of 90% literacy rate. All Pakistani schools, colleges, universities and research centers will be linked to the national industrial enterprises so that the theoretical and practical knowledge is harmonized. Volunteer scholarship schemes would be launched at national level for the education.

Total Quality Management: A Case Of Barclays Bank

AbstractA public figure of deponeers enforce the school of thought that patoiss f every last(predicate) to a depleteder place the finance industry sooner of the supporter industry. In consequence, the competition is more wedded to monetary prowess quite a than benefit shade. The patoising and monetary institutions devote their picks, formation, succession and battalion more on managing the cash and the assets quite of managing nodes and supporter. The procedures and growths setup argon in pull in with the slangs convenience kinda of the guests convenience. Addition completelyy, approximately of the systems be designed with the aim of coercive the guests rather than offering joy. depository pecuniary institutions and financial institutions usually run customer supporter and enjoyment low priority. With few systems designed to monitor customer loyalty.Contrary to that thought, bevels and financial institutions provide the redevelopment of financi al custody to its customers thus go bad to the benefit industry. For this reason, do forest steering is applicable in the cussing sector give its success with manufacturing industries. w rings stand to benefit from slaying of descend tint circumspection owe to the fact that their selection depend on customer loyalty and satisfaction. How ever so, cambering sector is someway slow in reallocating into the customer- rootage archetype. The paper foc physical exertions on Barclays hope it egresslines and analyses how the beveling plaque has introduced and developed a comprehensive system of be woodland instruction in amplification to the impacts of the consummation. Furthermore, it provides a critique on the same speckle spiritedlighting possible argonas necessary for onward motion. primingThe authoritative global market place is extremely agonistical with a characteristic of ever escalating customer demands such(prenominal) as, the need for amend products and facilitate. Most markets have increasing impart of aggressively priced service and products from low grate cost sources. With the real competitive threats bring out in the market place, it is arbitrary for memorial tablets and melodic phrasees to hatch improved and result oriented strategies (Cheng, Madan & Motwani, 2012). incessant sweetener in issue forth crinkle activities with a swell focus on customer all by with(predicate) the stallion organisation, in appurtenance to prominence on calibre and flexibility is of the essence to an organisational success. lumber, its focus, and the associated continuous improvements play a signifi stinkert utilization in m whatsoever organisations.It is equally most-valuable to none that most organisations and straines utilize intact smell counselling as a means finished and through and through, which they can endure in increasingly belligerent markets term maintaining their competitive parade oer their challen gers. The lifeblood of all line of tele peal linees and organisation is its customers. In most cases, customers determine the sales agreements of businesses and organisations based on their perception of the product and service property. In consequence, fiber concludes win opus the customers delineate and determine what prize entails. The implementation of thorough character reference way has a numberless of benefits to an organisation and business as a whole flip magnitude market sh be, amplified doughability, customer and prosecute satisfaction and heightened competitive edge a furtherst competitors. High somebodya has a direct correlation with the survival of organisations challenged with strong global competitors. In most organisations, competitive success is beca practice of senior in high spirits school superior (Eriksson & Hansson, 2010).Presently, the high-end significance of implementing correspond fibre trouble makes it imperative for organisations a nd businesses to dramatise high fiber, its perplexity and continuous improvements, especially in the current increasingly competitive market. The organisations that fail to embrace the principle of total fictional character guidance are bound to be un boffo. Additionally, total timber concern is no yearlong an alternative for organisations pull up stakesing to survive in the strong competitive markets. In ensuring customer confidence and competing for international business, organisations with ISO certification take burster a distinct edge against their rivals. To the tone conscious buyers, total feel direction is an imperative process of value addition (Dusseav, 2012).Total quality instruction entails the methods of way employ to improve the productivity and quality in a business organisation A widespread forethought undertake shot operates horizontally crosswise a business organisation. Total quality centering involves all employees and departments extending f orward and backward to include two customers and suppliers. Total quality management role model employs a systematic admittance on improving quality based on personal accountability for assemblage success, team-based workplace groups, running of the work process have by individuals, motivation, and quality desire preceding(prenominal) quantity and facilitated communication involving functional areas and groups. inside the model, suggestions for improvements are sought from every echelon of the business organisation while motivation is distri plainlyed through recognition schedules and profit sharing. Employee training in the scientific approach to fact-based problem figure out remains the feature of the TQM model. The model embraces the use of tools like process flow charts, smart arrays, statistical process control charts and Pareto charts (Cheng, Madan & Motwani, 2012).For any business organisation, quality provides a strategic wages a heightened competitive good and org anisational survival. An organisational dodging based on quality aimed for competitive prefer usually furyes on strategic resource on incessant quality enhancement. In addition to creating price-value advantage above competitors, quality allows the organisation to charge a superior per unit sale price through differentiation. A business organisation is able to achieve a more sustainable competitive advantage through implementation of strategy of high quality. Organisations operating and competing on quality describe an operational strategy capable of controlling product and service quality while seeking incessant improvement.Different market researchers suggest that organisations should focus on quality improvement in pronounce to gain competence instead of laying emphasis on the current foci including efficiency, revenue, and market share. The current foci are by-products of competence that an organisation can achieve through focusing on product and service quality. Organisat ions vary in call of the management practices, culture and the processes use to produce and deliver the products and operate (Cheng, Madan & Motwani 2012). In this regard, total quality management strategy varies from one organisation to a nonher. However, total quality management calls upon techniques and tools of lean manufacturing, quality control, ISO 9000, sestet sigma, and a customer focused culture. fundamentBarclays chamfer is one of the leading financial institutions across the world with over trio hundred years of experience. The headquarters of Barclays Bank is situated in the UK with different branches across several countries worldwide. The depone has a strategy to increase the growth potential through go along diversification of business by customer, geography and product. It has the responsibility of progressing, investing, lending and protect the money of close to thirty one 1000 thousand customers across the globe. One of its branches has built a very stron g re put ination the Barclays Bank Plc, Mauritius. The Mauritius branch with close to one thousand one hundred employees, offer various services for corporate as rise as individual customers. property implementationThere are a myriad of approaches and models for a successful implementation of total quality management at heart an organization. whatever of the approaches and theoretical models that are extensively used include Crosbys 14 steps to Quality improvement, Juran 10 points for quality improvement and W.E Demings 14 points for quality improvement (Bowen, 2013).While a widely hold upon approach does not exist, Barclays money box has applied an implementation approach that borrows certain concepts and strategies from all the widely cognize approaches. The stick has implemented its total quality management system in a more customized way. The swear has adopted the EFQM modeling theory in its implementation of TQM. Basically, the approach calls for a focus on results, c ustomers, dependableness of purpose, involving and training employees, incessant learning and cordial responsibility. The vernacularing concern has applied all these criteria in its implementation approach of TQM (Sila, 2012).In a turn to improve its competitive edge and survivability, the branch has employed a number of strategies that realize high quality of service delivery to their customers. It has embraced unremitting enhancement in total business activities, with a keen focus on customer all through the entire organisation. It is imperative for the bank to create constancy of purpose for unremitted enhancement of services and products. Barclays bank has embraced this as the first priority in implementing quality management. The bank has allocated its resources for long term planning instead of short-term profits. In order to undertake competitiveness and existence of the bank, it has invested in quality and debut (Dusseav, 2012). Its management motivates their employe es in addition to clear communication of the banks policies. The strategy of total quality management implementation has been generally broken tear into two major categories in the banks modus operandi Human resource management and service quality, and customer satisfaction implementation. under(a) each major category of the strategies, at that place are subdivisions of the strategies. All these form a coherent system of TQM implementation at the bank for improved competitive edge as well as survivability.Quality Service and H R vigilanceBarclays bank acknowlight-emitting diodeges the significance of the human fixings as a major epitope in the successful implementation of total quality management. As a result, the bank has accorded superior attention to human factors such as motivation, teamwork and cooperation. The bank conducted an interview on their employees in regards to their viewpoint, earlier the implementation of total quality management. A number of employees agreed on the launching of the total quality management by the management. They held the belief that there was a relationship between the introduction of TQM and the success of the bank. The bank introduced the system through written pamphlets to its employees.In an effort to good understand how the bank has introduced and develop its TQM system, an abstract of the three sub-divisions under human resource management in light of quality management was undertaken (Eriksson & Hansson, 2010).Focus on shock employee necessitateBarclays bank focuses on employee needs prone that the bank tries to improve their performance through encouraging creative thinking, place training programs and teamwork. All these activities are aimed at enhancing the employees captainism. Additionally, the bank provided its employees with a chance to tell their views while offering rewards for excellence performance. It has a competently designed training program that emphasises on incessantly improving the pr ofessional skills of its employees. Techniques such as, workshops, industry train seminars and joke training are employed to ensure the efficiency of the program.Focus on continued improvementIn a cabal to meet the needs of its employees, the bank management tries to enhance the quality continuously through mistake avoidance, cost minimization of financial services, keeping of good documentation system and unremitting amendment of work practices. check to the employees, the bank strives to focus on the customers as well, addicted that they run surveys with the aim of finding out the customers needs. The bank is characterized with earreach and providing financial advice to its employees delights and needs (Edwards, 2013).Focus on management competition needsIt is alpha to realize that, through creation of impelling means of communication between the employees and the customers, the bank has managed to develop their competitive edge. The bank acquired an ISO certification, wh ich has led to a heightened bank performance level as compared to other banking institutions. Additionally, Barclay bank is constantly on the look-out for new technology aimed at modifying the current process of operation. The banks management acknowledges the importance of process cornerstone in a bid to measure out their operation processes and the need to alter them. treat origin has seen the bank to greater senior high in terms of customer and employee satisfaction. The innovation allows the lower level management within the bank to communicate to the top management on exactly how the processes should be conducted in order to reflect the true customer satisfaction (Eriksson & Hansson, 2010).Customer satisfactionBarclays bank holds both individual and cooperate customers with high esteem as it acknowledges their significance in the success of the institution. In a bid to create an impressive customer appeal and product and service endorsement, the management of the bank ha s placed life-long strategies within its services provision. These strategies are focused on constantly delighting and move their honored customers ahead of their arch competitors. The management of Barclays bank not only ensures that their esteemed customers purchase their product but as well as recommend the products to their families and friends (Frick, 2009).In an interview conducted to cave in the level of customer satisfaction, Barclays showed a cheering level of satisfaction to the needs of their customers. The bank has modern technical equipment such as A.T.M services which help save the customers time thereby facilitating their deal with the bank. Apart from the A.T.M services, the bank has employed various strategies aimed at reduce the processing time of its key products and services such as new accounts, loans, realization cards and cheque encashment. Through innovation of mobile applications, the waiting period and big bucks time as well as the queuing period has been significantly reduced (Edwards, 2013).According to the customer feedbacks, Barclays bank delivers most of its promises to their customers. It has eliminated a number of bureaucracy procedures that are deemed obstacles on delivery of promise agreements. The bank management has created an image of reliability among its customers through the use of good dependable documentation. In order to improve the level of customer satisfaction, quality of services offered by the bank is undertaken by qualified employees. The employees are trained to serve the customers with friendliness and efficiency. The working hours of the bank are deemed suitable for their customers and employees on a sympathetic basis. The banks skilled employees not only offer quality services, but also quick delivery. This creates a consciousness of customer being the emphasis of the banks operation.Barclays has effectual communication systems through, which the customers complaints are channeled and promptly han dled. This way, the bank improves on its weakest areas on customer service thereby enabling the customer to detect appreciated as part of the bank.Additionally, the bank focuses on improving the quality of products and services offered in the bank apart from customer service. Barclays bank has some of the best interest rates, inclusive of all charges and hidden fees thereby depicting the quality of its services and products. The enquiries make by the customers either through phone or in person are promptly answered. The bank has trained its employees to employ good work ethics in responding to customer enquiries few rings in advance the phone is picked up, reduced number of transfers before the customer is connected to the right person and prompt answering of the phone (Edwards, 2013).The bank employs accuracy and timeliness of account statements as compared to their competitors. This ensures the customers trust on the bank while upholding the banks image, reputation and integrity . These qualities put the bank at a high competitive edge within the banking industry. closing curtain In conclusion, the implementation of the total quality management in Barclays is considered successful given the numerous benefits associated with the embrace of the system. The level of trueness practice by the banks management has greatly ensured an improved quality of the services offered at the bank. The bank has witnessed a number of benefits associated with the influence of customer satisfaction and continuous process improvement methods on the quality of service delivery and profit margins. The services offered at Barclays have been set as some of the best as compared to other financial institutions. In terms of focus on employees, the bank has been rank top as its rewards its employees with competitive salaries. The high quality of services offered by the bank has allowed the bank to charge high prices for its products and services on similar basis. This has ensured hig h profitability and increased competitive advantage over their rivals. Total quality management should not be considered as alternative, instead rough-and-ready strategies should be adopted to ensure its successful implementation.In order to ensure that total quality management implementation is effective, it is recommended that the bank expands the role of internal auditor to interpret the banks performance in terms of service, quality, value and cleanliness instead of throttle their functions. Even though the bank employ written documents during the introduction of the TQM implementation, it is imperative to change the banks configuration and work practices to facilitate acquisition of the TQM concepts. It is a daunting task for the bank to differentiate itself from its competitors given that an introduction of a new marketing strategy will automatically be copied. It is therefore imperative for the bank to ensure high quality of services, products and service delivery in a bid to ensure the customers loyalty. BibliographyBowen, R. (2013, December 4). observe the Theories of Total Quality Management. Retrieved October 31, 2014.Cheng, C. H., Madan, M. S., & Motwani, J. (2012) Implementing quality management in the banking services sector. Total Quality Management, 7(4), 347-356.Dusseav, S.P. (2012)An analysis of the relationship between financial performance and TQM, University of Missouri.Eriksson, T & Hansson, J. (2010) The impact of TQM on financial performance, Measuring profession Excellence, Vol. 7, No. 1, 36 50.Edwards, C.(2013) Barclays Bank Plc V. Rbs Advanta. Reports of Patent, tendency and Trade Mark Cases, 113(10) 2012, 307-319.Frick, R. A., (2009) The application of total quality management on service quality in banking. New York, NY Wiley.Sila, I. (2012). Examining the effectuate of contextual factors on TQM and performance through the lens of organizational theories An empirical study. ledger of Operations Management, 23(12), 83-109 .AppendixTQM- Total quality managementA.T.M Automatic teller mechanismISO 900- A family unit of quality management standards